目的　为筛窦区新型手术的开展提供解剖学依据。  方法　在大体解剖学研究的基础上，应用改进的火棉胶包埋技术对前颅底区域进行连续的三维薄切片，通过两者的有机结合，深入研究筛窦区域精细的解剖结构与复杂的毗邻关系。  结果　对筛窦区域解剖结构与毗邻关系显示良好精确：眶内侧壁（纸样壁）厚度左侧为（0.35±0.089）mm，右侧为（0.36±0.086）mm；鼻小柱到上颌窦开口距离左侧为（39.1±2.4）mm，右侧为（40.0±2.5）mm；筛窦中鼻道开口到筛顶壁距离左侧为（12.0±1.0）mm，右侧为（11.8±　1.1）mm。  结论　经筛窦区自然腔道行筛内、颅前窝、眶内及视神经管手术，安全可行。

Objective　To provide anatomic data for surgical treating through the ethmoid region. Methods　Based on the study of gross anatomy, three-dimensional thin serial sections of the anterior skull base with improved celloidin embedding technique were performed, followed by the exploration of accurate anatomical features and complex adjacencies.　Results　The research exactly showed the structures and adjacencies in the ethmoidal region: the thickness of the lamina papyracea was about (0.35±0.089) mm, and (0.36±0.086 )mm for left and right sides respectively. The distances between the nasal columella and the opening of the maxillary sinus was (39.1±2.4) mm and (40.0±2.5) mm respectively. The distances from the sinus in middle nasal meatus to the ethmoid roof was (12.0±1.0)mm, and (11.8±1.1)mm respectively. Conclusions　Surgical operation in anterior cranial fossa, orbit and optic canal through the ethmoid region is safe and feasible.