关键词: 基底动脉, 显微解剖, 血管造影, 对照观测

Abstract:

Objective　To provide anatomical basis for selecting the types and the placing parts of vascular stent.　Methods　(1)20 head specimens were selected and measured for the basilar artery , its branches, and perforators through the clivus approach. (2)100 angiographic images of the whole brains without diseases were selected, the course, branches of the basilar artery and the opening parts of its perforators were observed. (3)20 patients of basilar artery stenosis were selected and underwent stent angioplasty through puncture at the femoral artery, the changes of the vascular diameter  in the stenosed parts of the basilar artery were measured.　Results　The basilar artery was (28.52±3.45) mm in length, (4.52±0.24) mm in external diameter in microanatomic observation, and (25.47±3.65) mm, (3.46±0.46) mm in length and diameter in angiographic observation. There were significant difference in length and diameter between the microanatomy and angiography,respectively (P<0.05). The perforators of basilar artery were fine, small and concentrated, which originated from the posterolateral wall of the basilar artery and enter the brain parenchyma in straight courses. There were significant difference in the transverse and anteroposterior diameter the basilar artery in angiographic view (P<0.05). The lumen of the the basilar artery  was elliptical in shape. There were significant difference in length and diameter between males and females of the basilar artery in angiographic view,  respectively (P<0.05), the male basilar artery were longer and thicker than that of the female. Operative success rate for stent angioplasty of the basilar artery was 100%; There was clear improvement in stenosis.of the blood vessels.　Conclusion　 It is of enormous clinical significance for selecting the types and the placing parts of the vascular stent so that postoperative ischemia of the supply area of perforators can be prevented