目的　探讨雌二醇缓解玻璃体后脱离（posterior vitreous detachment, PVD）的有效性和安全性。   方法　Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠48只，随机分为A（正常对照组）、B（平衡盐液2 μL）、C（纤溶酶3 μg/2 μL）、D（纤溶酶3μg+雌二醇10-6 mol/L, 2 μL）组，每组12只，玻璃体腔内注射7 d后,各组大鼠用视觉电生理（flash electroretinography, F-ERG）、病理切片、免疫组织荧光法、蛋白质印迹法来观察和评价视网膜结构、玻璃体后脱离的情况以及各组玻璃体视网膜opticin蛋白的表达水平。  结果　各组视网膜形态结构较完整，A组和B组无PVD发生, C组发生完全性PVD，D组发生部分性PVD（8/12）或无PVD（4/12）。F-ERG显示各组均无视网膜毒性损伤。C组opticin蛋白表达较A、B组明显降低，D组opticin蛋白表达较C组增高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。   结论　玻璃体腔注射雌二醇对大鼠玻璃体后脱离具有修复作用。

Objective　To discuss the efficacy and safety of estradiol in relieving the posterior vitreous detachment（PVD）.　Methods　Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (control), group B (balance salt solution, 2 μL), group C (plasmin，3 μg/2 μL) and group D (plasmin 3 μg + estradiol 10-6 mol/L, 2 μL), with 12 rats in each group. The eyeballs were selected 7 days after intravitreal injection, flash electroretinography (F-ERG)、pathological section、immunofluorescence staining and western blot were used to observe and evaluate morphologic and functional change of the retina，the effect of PVD and  the expression of opticin protein in vitreous body and retina among the groups.　Results　The morphology of retina in each group was complete. F-ERG showed no toxicity changes in any group. No PVD was found in group A and group B. All the eyes were induced complete PVD in group C. The partial PVD were observed in eight eyes of group D, PVD was not found in the rest four of the eyes in group D. The expression of opticin protein was the lowest in group C, and higher in group D compared with group C, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 　Conclusion　Estradiol injection in the vitreous cavity has the capacity of restoration in rat’s posterior vitreous detachment.