目的　探讨胫神经的近端肌支移位治疗某些高位坐骨神经损伤的解剖学可行性。 方法  选取15具（30侧）福尔马林固定的成人下肢标本，解剖并测量胫神经近端各肌支的长度、直径、发出点至腓骨小头平面的距离（位置）和至腓骨颈的距离；从分叉部向近端膜内分离腓总神经的腓深腓浅两部分，测量可分离的最大长度以及腓深神经的直径。 结果   胫神经近端主要肌支有比目鱼肌支、腓肠肌外侧头支和腓肠肌内侧头支，其长度分别为(53.2±9.9)、 (36.3±9.6)、 (44.7±8.6) mm；从分叉部向近端膜内分离腓总神经的最大长度为(59.3±7.2) mm；分离后，所有标本的比目鱼肌支和腓肠肌外侧头支以及28侧（占93.3%）标本的腓肠肌内侧头可直接与腓深神经无张力地吻合。 结论   膜内分离腓总神经后，近端胫神经肌支移位移位治疗高位坐骨神经损伤在解剖学上可行。综合考虑各肌支的长度和直径，比目鱼肌支是移位的最佳供体神经。

Objective    To explore the feasibility of transfer of motor branches from the proximal tibial nerve to treat high-level sciatic nerve injuries in an anatomical study.   Methods    30 sides of lower limbs from 15 embalmed adult cadavers were used to dissect and the motor branches from proximal tibial nerve were measured for following parameters, such as length, diameter, the location of original point relative to the level of the fibular head and the distance from original point to the fibular neck. Intraneural dissection the common peroneous nerve from the bifurcation to the proximal was performed to isolate the division of the deep and superficial peroneous division; the maximum length of intraneural dissection that could be dissected and the diameter of deep peroneous nerves were also measured.  Results   There were three main motor branches at the proximal leg: the branches destined to the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius and to the soleus muscle. The length of these branches was (36.3±9.6) mm, (44.7±8.6) and (53.2±9.9)mm  respectively. The maximum length of intraneural dissection of the common peroneous nerve was (59.3±7.2) mm. After dissection, branches to the soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius were adequate for direct nerve suture with the deep peroneous division in all cadavers without tension. And in 28 sides  of lower limbs (93.3 percent), branches to the medial head of the gastrocnemius were adequate for nerve suture.  Conclusion     After intraneural dissection of the common fibular nerve, the motor branches from the proximal part of the tibial nerve can be harvested and transfered to restore the deep peroneous nerve in the treatment of high sciatic nerve injuries. Considering the length and diameter, branches to the soleus muscle were the best choice for the proposed transfer.