目的　探索单侧指动脉结扎治疗无静脉手指末节再植成活的解剖学基础及其可能机制。方法   （1）仔细解剖10例手共50指灌注后标本，观察其动脉分支大小、数目情况；  （2）建立单侧指动脉结扎治疗无静脉可供吻合手指末节离断再植模型，探索结扎一侧动脉后其再植成活的可能机制。结果   解剖学研究提示指动脉末节分支数有（12.9±2.6）支，指动脉弓处分支（4.9±1.1）支，分支外径为（0.31±0.09）mm。通过实验模型研究显示在输液速度及水下位置相同的前提下，容量越大，输液管小口距针头距离越远，于模拟舒张期自输液管小口处流出的墨水染色液体的量越少。结论   解剖学及模拟实验证明结扎单侧指动脉并不会减少手指末节动脉血供，其主要的机制是通过舒张期动脉侧支回流的方式完成循环过程，结合原有的文献报道，推测此种方法对于Ⅲ区及以远的末节断指再植是有效的。

 Objective   To explore the mechanism of and the anatomical basis for the  unilateral finger artery ligation in treating the distal part of fingers stub without veins.  Methods   Firstly, a total of 50 fingers from 10 fresh hand specimens were selected and were perfused carefully, the specimens were then dissected carefully to observe and to record the number and diameter of arterial branches. Secondly, a model of distal part of finger stubs with unilateral finger artery ligation was established to discuss the mechanism of this treatment.  Results    In the anatomic study, the average number of distal branches was 12.9±2.6, the number of branches from digital artery arch was 4.9±1.1, the mean diameter of branches was (0.31±0.09) mm, indicating that hiatal part of finger did have a rich bloody supply, and a large amount of branches could be found at the end of the arteries of at both sides of the fingers. In the model study, the greater capacity and further distance of the small hole from the needle, the less outflow of the ink from the penicilin bottle. Conclusion   The mechanism of this treatment could be that ligation of one artery of the finger can reduce the organization pressure, and the circulation could be achieved by blood flow back to the branches via arteries during diastole. Combined with the existing literature reports ,it can be speculated that this method is effective for treatment of the distal phalanx in the Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ regions.