Objective To investigate the expression levels of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (GLAST) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the relationship between them and recurrence and metastasis in patients with HCC after radical resection. Methods A total of 128 patients with HCC admitted to the hospital from March 2020 to October 2023 were selected. Normal tissues adjacent to the tumor with a distance of at least 5 cm from the tumor edge were collected as control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of CEP55 and GLAST. The expression of CEP55 and GLAST proteins in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CEP55 and GLAST protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics. As of October 2024, patients with recurrence or distant metastasis were included in the recurrence and metastasis group. Those without recurrence or metastasis were included in the non-recurrence and metastasis group. The expression of CEP55 and GLAST protein and clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were compared. Risk factors for recurrent metastasis after HCC were analyzed by using COX multifactorial regression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze progression-free survival of patients with different expression levels of CEP55 and GLAST. Results Finally, 120 cases were included in the study. The positive rate of CEP55 protein in cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the positive rate of GLAST protein was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that CEP55 expression was positively correlated with age, tumor diameter, number of tumors, Child-Pugh grading, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging and preoperative alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with differentiation degree (P<0.05). GLAST expression was negatively correlated with age, tumor diameter, number of tumors, Child-Pugh grade, BCLC stage and preoperative AFP level (P<0.05), and positively correlated with differentiation degree (P<0.05). Among the 120 patients, 32 patients experienced postoperative recurrence and metastasis, with an incidence rate of 26.67%. The CEP55 protein positivity rate in the recurrent metastasis group was higher than that in the non-recurrent metastasis group (P<0.05), and the GLAST protein positivity rate was lower than in the non-recurrent metastasis group (P<0.05). Multifactorial COX regression analysis showed that CEP55 positivity was a risk factor for recurrent metastasis after HCC surgery (P<0.05) and GLAST positivity was a protective factor for recurrent metastasis after HCC surgery (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in survival time among patients with different expression levels of CEP55 and GLAST (P=0.000, 0.017). Conclusions The expression levels of CEP55 and GLAST in HCC tissues are closely related to recurrence and metastasis of HCC after radical resection. High expression of CEP55 and low expression of GLAST may indicate an increased risk of recurrence and metastasis in patients with HCC, and significantly shorten progression-free survival.
Key words
Hepatocellular carcinoma /
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Radical resection /
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Centrosomal protein 55 /
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Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 /
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Protein expression /
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Recurrence and metastasis
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