Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

Microscopic anatomy and DTI study of lateral white matter fiber tracts in the brain

Yang Shiyong, Li Chen, Di Guangfu, Sun Lean, Chen Guanggui, Jiang Xiaochun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 627-633. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.01

Abstract ( 22 )

PDF (2814KB) ( 8 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To clarify the anatomical structures and functional connectivity characteristics of the white matter fiber tracts in the lateral region of human brain by combining microscopic anatomical techniques and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods 10 formalin-fixed adult cadaver heads (20 cerebral hemispheres in total) were selected and By using Klingler fiber dissection technique, the white matter fiber tracts were dissected under 6~40× magnification was employed. A total of 16 healthy adult volunteers underwent cranial DTI examination. The anatomical structures of lateral white matter bundles were observed their trajectories and interrelationships were analyzed. Furthermore, in combination with DTI, I the anatomical architecture and interconnections among lateral brain white matter tracts were further clarified. Results Multiple white matter fiber tracts were identified in the lateral portion of brain. After removing cortical gray matter, the most superficial and widely distributed structures revealed were short “U”-shaped association fibers. Dissecting these U-fibers exposed superficial long association tracts, including arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II and III, and frontal aslant tract. Further dissection uncovered middle longitudinal fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Removing insular cortex in layers successively exposed the outermost capsule, claustrum, external capsule (including uncinate fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus), putamen, and globus pallidus, finally reaching internal capsule. The anatomical arrangement of each fiber tract was essentially stable. DTI data further verified these structural relationships. Conclusions The combined application of microscopic anatomical methods and DTI research allows for a clearer understanding of the orientations and interrelationships of lateral white matter fiber tracts in brain. These findings provide theoretical support for clinical neurosurgical planning and offer an important foundation for investigations into brain function.

Anatomical observation of pulmonary sequestration based on dual-source CT enhanced scanning combined with cinematic rendering technology

He Xiaoning, Shan Yuqing, Xiao Juan, Mu Naiwen, Wang Li, Zheng Chao, Pan Yuefeng, Wang Chao

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 634-639. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.02

Abstract ( 24 )

PDF (2466KB) ( 14 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of dual-source enhanced CT scanning combined with cinematic rendering (CR) in pulmonary sequestration (PS), and to summarize and analyze the anatomical characteristics of PS. Methods Imaging data of 50 patients diagnosed with PS in Rizhao People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the maximal intensity projection (MIP) image and CR image were reconstructed. The type, location, morphological density, complications, blood supply vessels and drainage vessels of PS were observed, and the correlation between the diameter of blood supply vessels and the lesion volume was analyzed. Results The anatomical information of all 50 cases of PS could be clearly displayed, including 34 cases (68%) of intralobar sequestration (ILS) and 16 cases (32%) of extralobar sequestration (ELS). 35 cases (70%) were located in the lower lobe of the left lung (ILS 25, ELS 10), 14 cases (28%) in the lower lobe of the right lung (ILS 8, ELS 6), and 1 case (ILS) in the lower lobe of both lungs. There was no significant difference in PS distribution between the two types (P>0.05). PS was mainly cystic in 13 cases (26%) (ILS), mixed cystic and solid in 6 cases (12%) (ILS) and solid in 31 cases (62%) (ILS 15, ELS 16). There were 34 cases with complications (68%)(ILS 32, ELS 2). There were statistically significant differences between the two types of PS (P<0.05). The mean diameter of supplying blood vessels in thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta was (5.99±2.15) mm and (4.22±0.82) mm, respectively. The mean volume of PS supplied by the thoracic aorta was (82.24±31.61) cm3, and the mean volume of PS supplied by the abdominal aorta was (106.58±36.92) cm3. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between PS volume and the diameter of intraclobular type of thoracic aorta. Conclusions There are differences in the anatomical features and imaging findings of PS in different types and blood supply sources. Dual-source enhanced CT scanning combined with CR technology can provide realistic and three-dimensional visualization images, and clearly show the vascular and pulmonary anatomic features of PS, which can provide help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Radiographic factor analysis of catheter malposition during totally implantable venous access port placement via the axillary vein

Chen Hao, Chen Lu, Zhang Yin

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 640-644. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.03

Abstract ( 21 )

PDF (1712KB) ( 10 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the incidence of catheter tip malposition during totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation via right axillary vein and analyze the correlation between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured vascular anatomical parameters and malposition, thereby providing evidence for preoperative risk assessment and precise intraoperative catheter placement. Methods 165 female breast cancer patients who underwent right axillary vein TIVAP implantation at the Department of Breast Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital from May 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Intracavitary electrocardiogram monitoring with P-wave localization was used to position the catheter tip in the operation. Patients were divided into a malposition group and a control group based on catheter malposition status. The diameters of the subclavian vein (A), internal jugular vein (B), and brachiocephalic vein (C), as well as subclavian/internal jugular vein angle (α angle) and subclavian/brachiocephalic vein angle (β angle) were measured preoperatively by MRI. Differences in imaging parameters between the two groups were compared, and their correlation with catheter malposition was analyzed. Results TIVAP implantation success rate was 100% (165/165), with an intraoperative catheter tip malposition rate of 14.5% (24/165), all occurring in ipsilateral internal jugular vein. Malposition group exhibited significantly larger internal jugular vein diameters (12.31±1.60) mm and α angles (100.8±7.7)° compared to control group (10.91±1.63) mm and (91.67±4.12)°, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in parameters A, C, or β angle between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions During the implantation of TIVAP via right axillary vein, the increased diameter of internal jugular vein and the widened angle between subclavian and internal jugular veins constitute significant risk factors for catheter tip malposition. Preoperative MRI-based quantitative measurements of venous anatomy can provide predictive guidance for intraoperative catheter trajectory, facilitating the identification of high-risk individuals for catheter malposition and enabling personalized catheterization strategies to enhance procedural safety and positioning accuracy.

Application of Micro CT for 3D digital measurement of the microstructure of the proximal three column bone of the femoral head in elderly people aged 60 to 80

Zhao Bin, Li Canran, Zhang Tao, Ru Yi, Wu Rihan, Cui Tongliga, Li Xiaohe, Ding Liangjia, Zhang Kai, Wang Haiyan, Wang Zhiqiang

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 645-652. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.04

Abstract ( 21 )

PDF (4597KB) ( 13 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the microstructural parameters of the proximal femur in elderly individuals, providing reference for the design of artificial femoral heads and improvement of hip replacement in clinical practice. Method Thirty femoral specimens from the anatomy laboratory of Inner Mongolia Medical University were collected for teaching purposes (normal group). The specimens were aged 60-80 years old (with an average of 68 years) without a history of pelvic or femoral surgery. Additionally, nine femoral heads from patients who underwent CT scans at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2023 were selected as cases of femoral head necrosis (necrosis group), including 3 specimens in ARCO stage III and 6 specimens in ARCO stage IV. Micro-CT scanning was performed, and three-dimensional reconstruction of the femoral head was carried out using Reconstruct software for measurement of the three-column structure of the femoral head (based on the CJFH classification proposed by the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital, dividing the femoral head into lateral column, central column, and medial column, with lateral column accounting for 30%, central column for 40%, and medial column for 30%). The differences in the microstructure of bone quality in different regions were analyzed by measuring eight parameters including total volume, bone volume, bone surface density, trabecular thickness, spacing, number, connectivity, and volume fraction. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the connectivity between the three columns in the normal group. However, there were statistically significant differences in parameters such as total volume, bone volume, bone density, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and volume fraction of bone (P<0.05). Specifically, the total volume was greater in the middle and outer columns compared to the inner column. Bone volume and bone surface density were greater in the middle column compared to the inner and outer columns (P<0.05). Trabecular thickness was lower in the middle column compared to the inner and outer columns (P<0.05). Volume fraction and trabecular number were lower in the outer column compared to the middle and inner columns; and trabecular separation was greater in the outer column compared to the middle and inner columns (P<0.05). The overall volume, bone volume, and volume fraction of the medial pillar in the ARCO stage III necrotic group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). While the connectivity in the ARCO stage III necrotic group was lower than that in the normal group. In the ARCO Ⅳ stage necrotic group, the trabecular thickness and spacing in the central pillar are greater than those in the normal group. Bone surface density, trabecular number, and connectivity are lower than those in the normal group. The total volume, bone volume, and trabecular thickness in the medial pillar are greater than those in the normal group. Bone surface density and trabecular number are lower than those in the normal group. Conclusion There are differences in the three-column structure of the femoral head in the normal group, except for connectivity. There are differences in bone microstructure parameters between the necrotic group and the normal group in the three-column structure of the femoral head.

Imaging characteristics of lumbar vertebral ring apophysis development in the Chinese population

Xie Siyuan, Li Yikai, Lu Xiongguang, Cao Junjie, Liu Dan

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 653-659. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.05

Abstract ( 29 )

PDF (4619KB) ( 18 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To characterize the imaging features of lumbar vertebral epiphyseal ring development in the Chinese population, analyze ossification and fusion patterns in different age groups and genders, and provide evidence for the diagnosis and prevention of adolescent spinal disorders. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on lumbar CT scans of 507 healthy individuals (252 males, 255 females) aged 6 to 30 years from Nanfang hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. Based on imaging grading criteria, two independent observers assessed lumbar epiphyseal ring maturity (S0-S4). Spearman's rank correlation and intergroup comparisons were used to analyze developmental variations by age, gender, and anatomical regions. Results Inter- and intra-observer consistency was excellent. Median epiphyseal ring maturity significantly correlated with age (r=0.97, P<0.001). Ossification primarily occurred between 7 and 14 years, with maturation initiating after 14 years. Median maturity reached S4 (complete maturation) at 18 years, yet 38% of epiphyseal rings remained unfused. Females exhibited earlier developmental stages than males. Ossification and fusion predominantly began in posterior regions, with anterior regions completing later. Conclusions Lumbar ring apophysis development in the Chinese population demonstrates distinct age-, gender-, and region-specific variations. The contradiction between immature apophyses and abrupt spinal loading during peak height velocity (PHV) in females may elevate spinal deformity risks. This study provides imaging evidence for preventing and managing adolescent spinal developmental abnormalities and injuries.

Anatomical characteristics and clinical significance of the long head of biceps tendon

Jia Yongyu, Shao Yuchen, Wang Wanqi, Zhang Junhao, Wang Shuo, Lan Huiting, Qin Yanxia, Li Jing

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 660-663. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.06

Abstract ( 31 )

PDF (1013KB) ( 8 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To the morphological characteristics at the origin of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), and clarify the anatomical types based on cadaveric dissection, so as to provide anatomical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder joint disorders or ligament reconstruction. Methods A total of 128 human shoulder joint specimens were examined, and the types of origin of LHBT were classified. The width and thickness of the origins were measured with a vernier caliber. Classification was performed according to the characteristics of the starting point. Results (1) Based on the characteristics at the origin of LHBT and its relationship with SLAP, it can be classified as followings: Type I, LHBT entirely originated from the supraglenoid tubercle in 16 cases (12.5%); Type II, LHBT originated from the posterior part of the glenoid labrum at the supraglenoid tubercle in 25 cases (19.5%); Type III, LHBT originated from both supraglenoid tubercle and the superior glenoid labrums in 82 cases (64.1%); Type IV, the LHBT originated from greater tuberosity of humerus in 2 cases (1.6%); Type Ⅴ, LHBT originated from supraglenoid tubercle, anterior and posterior glenoid labrums in 3 cases (2.3%). (2) The widths of LHBT origin in type I, type II, and type III were (5.11±0.65) mm, (6.44±1.12) mm, and (5.63±1.41) mm, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences among the three types (P<0.05). The widths of LHBT origin in male and female were (5.95±1.43) mm and (5.13±0.74) mm respectively, and there were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the type of LHBT origin between males and females (P>0.05) or between the left and right sides (P<0.05). Conclusions LHBT originates from the supraglenoid tubercle and the posterior part of the glenoid labrums, and is the most common anatomical type. Understanding the anatomy and variant characteristics of LHBT is of great significance for shoulder arthroscopy or shoulder ligament reconstruction surgery.

Bioinformatics analysis and functional test verification of the LncRNA NEAT1/WTAP/MYC signaling axis on the malignant progression of osteosarcoma

Liu Meng, Ge Jiejie, Li Aiping

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 664-670. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.07

Abstract ( 11 )

PDF (6360KB) ( 9 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the LncRNA NEAT1/WTAP/MYC regulatory axis through bioinformatics analysis, and by knockdown LncRNA NEAT1 in osteosarcoma cells, explore its effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, and simultaneously detect the expression changes of key proteins (WTAP and MYC) of this signal axis. Methods Osteosarcoma hub genes were screened based on the TARGET database, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING, and the binding sites of NEAT1-miRNAs and the WTAP/MYC regulatory network were predicted by Starbase. si-NEAT1 was synthesized and transfected into 143B cells. After the knockdown efficiency was verified by RT-qPCR，proliferation was detected by MTT, migration/invasion was detected by Transwell, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of WTAP/MYC proteins was detected by Western blot. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NEAT1, as ceRNA, adsorbed miR-23a-3p/miR-150-5p to up-regulate WTAP, thereby promoting the expression of MYC; Knockdown of NEAT1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells (P<0.001), migration/invasion (P<0.001), and promoted apoptosis (P<0.001); WB confirmed WTAP/MYC protein was significantly downregulated after knockdown (P<0.01). Conclusions Knockdown of LncRNA NEAT1 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion of osteosarcoma cells and induce cell apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of WTAP and MYC expression by LncRNA NEAT1. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism research and targeted therapy of osteosarcoma.

Effects of Gastrodia elata wall breaking powder on epileptic rats based on CREB / BDNF signaling pathway

Mo Huanhao, Xiao Shuyang, Huang Yulian

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 671-676. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.08

Abstract ( 12 )

PDF (2054KB) ( 5 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the intervention effect of gastrodia elata wall breaking powder in epileptic rats based on cyclic adenylate response element binding protein / brain-derived neurotrophic factor (CREB/BDNF) signaling pathway. Methods 38 SD male rats were divided into the control group (10), the model group (12), the drug control group (8) and Gastrodia elata wall powder group (8), respectively. The control and model groups were gavaged with saline. In the drug control group, 0.3 g/kg aqueous solution of piranpanet was given for gavage, and in the Gastrodia elata wall powder group, 1.0 g/kg powder solution was given. The behavior of rats was assessed. The duration of epilepsy was recorded. The rate of cell apoptotic was observed. The levels of TNF- α, IL-1 β, IL-6, CAT, MDA and SOD were measured. The memory ability of rats was assessed, and the levels of CREB / BDNF signaling pathway proteins were detected. Results Compared with the control group, the behavioral scores, cell apoptosis rate, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6 and MDA level and the escape latency time in the model, drug control and Gastrodia elata wall powder groups were markedly increased (P<0.05). However, CAT and SOD levels, the number of platform crossing, p-CREB / CREB, and BDNF protein expression were all decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model and the drug-control group, , the behavioral score, apoptosis rate, duration of attack, TNF- α, IL-1 β, IL-6, MDA level, and escape latency time in the Gastrodia elata wall powder group were all decreased (P<0.05), but CAT and SOD levels, times of platform crossing, p-CREB/CREB, and BDNF protein expression were all increased (P<0.05). Conclusions The wall-breaking powder of Gastrodia elata increases the activity of CREB/BDNF pathway and improves the memory ability of epileptic rats, inhibits the cell apoptosis rate, alleviates neuroinflammation and inhibits oxidative stress state.

Effects of ketamine combined with gemcitabine on immune escape, tumor volume and MKK3/6 signaling in rat brain glioma

Kong Bo, Han Guangkui, Liu Jianguo, Zhu Xiaodong, Yu Yunhu

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 677-681. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.09

Abstract ( 16 )

PDF (1729KB) ( 5 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with gemcitabine on immune escape, tumor volume and MKK3/6 signaling pathway in brain glioma of rats. Methods Fifty SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into normal (NO), model (MO), ketamine (KM), gemcitabine (GT), ketamine combined with gemcitabine (KG) groups, with 10 in each group. Stereotaxic method was used to establish brain glioma modeling in MO, KM, GT and KG groups, while the model was not established in NO group. After establishing the modeling, the KM group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg ketamine, the GT was intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/kg gemcitabine, the KG with 100 mg/kg ketamine and 150 mg/kg gemcitabine, and NO and MO with the same volume of normal saline at the same time. HE staining was used to detect histopathologic morphology, ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect immune escape related factors, and MKK3/6 protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with NO, the contents and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in MO groups were markedly increased (P<0.05), while the expression of MKK3/6 protein was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with MO, the contents and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in KM, GT and KG groups were obvious decreased (P<0.05), while the tumor inhibition rate and MKK3/6 protein level were increased (P<0.05), however, which had no significant differences between GT and KM groups (P>0.05). The changes in KG were more significant than those in GT group (P<0.05). In NO, the brain tissue structure was normal and the cells were arranged neatly, while in group MO, the brain tissue was destroyed, and a large number of infiltrating tumor cells and lymphocytes could be seen, and the nuclear staining of cancer cells became deeper. Compared with group MO, the pathological structure of KM, GT and KG groups was significantly improved, and the nuclear staining of cancer cells became lighter. Conclusions Ketamine combined with gemcitabine has a significant effect on brain glioma, which can effectively inhibit immune escape, and regulate MKK3/6 expression.

Effect of astragaloside IV hydrogel on promoting full-thickness skin damage in rats

Gan Quan, Zhang Manman, Su Beibei , Wang Lixia

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 682-692. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.10

Abstract ( 10 )

PDF (9206KB) ( 6 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To prepare astragaloside IV hydrogel and explore the role of this dressing in the repair of full-thickness skin wounds in rats. Method Methacrylate anhydride modified gelatin hydrogels containing 0, 1.5 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL, and 2.5 mg/mL astragaloside IV were prepared, which were respectively denoted AS GelMA, GelMA/AS-IV-1.5, GelMA/AS-IV-2.0, and GelMA/AS-IV-2.5. Six full-thickness skin defects were made on the backs of 16 rats respectively. Astragaloside IV solution (2.5 mg/mL), GelMA hydrogel, GelMA/AS-IV-1.5 hydrogel, GelMA/AS-IV-2.0 hydrogel and GelMA/AS-IV-2.5 hydrogel were injected respectively, with a volume of 100 µL for each. One of the defect sites was not treated with injection (blank control group). The wound healing rate was observed on 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after the operation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the re-epithelialization of the wound, Masson staining was used to observe the deposition of collagen in the wound, immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the angiogenesis of the wound, and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe scar hyperplasia, skin cell proliferation and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway proteins in the wound. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway were detected by RT-qPCR, and the expressions of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway were detected by Western blot. Results On 14 d after the operation, the wound healing rates of GelMA/AS-IV-1.5 hydrogel group and GelMA/AS-IV-2.0 hydrogel group were higher than those of blank control group (P<0.05). The thickness of granulation tissue in the wound and the effect of skin re-epithelialization in GelMA/AS-IV-2.0 hydrogel group were better than those in the other five groups. The expression level of CD31 in the wound was the highest, the expression of α -smooth muscle actinin was the lowest, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of cell proliferation nuclear antigen were the highest. The protein and mRNA expressions of β-catenin, LEF1 and c-Myc were the highest. Conclusion GelMA/AS-IV-2.0 hydrogel can accelerate wound healing by promoting skin cell proliferation, collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and inhibiting scar hyperplasia, and this process may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Effects of continuous multi-site injection and fan-shaped injection on skin at the injection site

Wu Weizi, Hu Yu, Zhang Luyu, You Xida, Zhang Yuchen, Wu Chengjie, Bi Zhenyu

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 693-696. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.11

Abstract ( 13 )

PDF (2606KB) ( 5 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of two commonly used injection methods - continuous multi-site and fan-shaped injection-on the puncture site. Methods Both injection techniques were administered to simulate clinical procedures on C57 mice. The effects of two different injection methods on the appearance of the puncture site, as well as the histological and molecular proteomic aspects. Results After one week of the two different puncture injection methods, there was no significant difference in the general appearance of the puncture sites of the mice. Histological examination demonstrated preserved tissue integrity with no signs of inflammation, and the RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory-related factors showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions Continuous multi-site injection and fan-shaped injection don't show significant differences in terms of wound healing, histological changes, and expression of inflammatory factors in mice.

The methods and significance of stress-strain snalysis on cervical spine cadaveric specimen by noncontact optical 3D strain measuring system

Lin Fangzheng, Li Jing, Li Yongjin, Zhan Jiheng, Ping Ruiyue, Liang Dongzhu, Feng Minshan, Gao Zibo, Lin Dingkun, Qi Ji

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 697-702. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.12

Abstract ( 11 )

PDF (3453KB) ( 7 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To introduce a kind of method exploring the stress-strain relationship on cervical cadaveric specimen by optical non-contact measurement system, and to provide reference for related biomechanical tests. Methods Cervical specimen was selected as subject. Before the test, anatomical exposure, embedding, and spraying were performed in order. The real strain under specific load was analyzed by the Aramis non-contact measurement system. Results Quantitative three-dimensional strain analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of strain points on the lateral surface of the cervical specimens (5397.25±723.76 points) compared to the conventional method. A similar increasing trend was observed on the anterior and posterior surfaces, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). The three-dimensional surface renderings of key cervical structures, including the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, intervertebral foramen (external opening), and facet joints, were clear and distinct, enabling comprehensive multi-dimensional strain analysis through angle, distance, and strain calculations performed by the system. Conclusions By the above method, the local and subtle strain, structure deformity, and kinetics of the cervical spine may be analyzed by optical non-contact measurement system easily, which is helpful for the related biomechanical tests.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between autologous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with arthroscopic repair of medial collateral ligament injury and traditional open repair

Wu Lichuang, Ye Yiheng, Liu Cailong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 703-709. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.13

Abstract ( 9 )

PDF (1615KB) ( 6 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of autologous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament combined with arthroscopic repair of the medial collateral ligament injury with that of traditional open repair. Methods A total of 64 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury complicated by medial collateral ligament injury who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were selected. They were divided into two groups: the group undergoing autologous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament combined with arthroscopic repair of the medial collateral ligament and the open repair group, with 32 cases in each group. The incidence of postoperative complications, as well as the knee joint function scores (Lysholm score, Tegner score, IKDC score) and knee joint stability at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of postoperative complications in the arthroscopic repair group was lower than that in the open repair group (P<0.05). At 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery, the Lysholm scores and IKDC scores in the arthroscopic repair group were higher than those in the open repair group (P<0.05). The Tegner scores in the arthroscopic repair group were higher than those in the open repair group at 12 months and 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant statistical difference in the stability between the two groups during the postoperative follow-up. Conclusions Compared with traditional open repair, autologous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament combined with arthroscopic repair of the medial collateral ligament injury has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and fewer complications. It can better restore the knee joint function and has reliable stability.

Surgical effect of benign tumor of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland resection through external cervical approach and study of medium and long-term prognosis

Liu Leifeng, Jiang Feng, Chen Qizhu, Wu Weihao, Hui Minglang, Qiu Haitao

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 710-716. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.14

Abstract ( 11 )

PDF (4330KB) ( 5 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the surgical effect of benign tumor of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland resection through external cervical approach, and to observe medium and long-term prognosis by follow-up. Methods A total of 106 patients with benign tumor of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland undergoing surgical treatment through external cervical approach in the hospital were enrolled between August 2020 and December 2023, and different external cervical approaches were selected according to tumor characteristics. The operation time, blood loss and complete resection rate of tumors were recorded, incision healing and occurrence of facial nerve injury were observed after surgery, and incidence of postoperative complications was recorded. All patients were followed up by outpatient and telephone. The changes of quality of life before and after surgery were evaluated by functional assessment cancer therapy-head & neck (FACT-H&N), and tumors recurrence was followed up. The risk-benefit analysis of external cervical approach in treatment of benign parotid tumors was performed. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length and complete resection rate of tumors in the 106 patients with benign parotid tumors were (61.11±10.63) min, (20.85±5.67) mL, (6.18±1.08) cm and 92.45%, respectively. Compared with 1 month after surgery, incision healing grading was better, score of Vancouver scar scale and incidence of facial nerve injury were lower, and FACT-H&N score was higher at 12 months after surgery (all P<0.05). Within 3 months after surgery, incidence of salivary fistula, Frey syndrome and earlobe numbness was 4.72%, 2.83% and 6.60%, respectively. The deadline of postoperative follow-up was on May 31, 2025, cumulative follow-up time and cumulative recurrence rate were 18-57 months and 7.55% (8/106), respectively. The results of benefit-risk analysis showed that the external cervical approach could effectively improve incision healing quality and quality of life, and reduce the incidence of facial nerve injury, salivary fistula, Frey syndrome, earlobe numbness and recurrence (P<0.05). Conclusions External cervical approaches (traditional S incision, submaxillary incision) have good short-term and long-term curative effect in benign tumor of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, with low postoperative recurrence rate. However, traditional S incision still has defects, such as long incision length and much intraoperative blood loss. Different personalized and improved incisions can be designed according to tumor quadrant, size and depth so as to shorten incision and improve facial aesthetics.

Construction of a risk model for delayed healing in patients with hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression surgery using a nomogram

Yang Chunchun, Pan Didi, Hou Xuelei, Zhang Wang

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 717-723. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.15

Abstract ( 12 )

PDF (2616KB) ( 6 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of delayed cure after microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm and to construct and validate a nomogram risk model. Methods A total of 108 patients with hemifacial spasm admitted to our hospital from August 2022 to November 2024 were selected. All patients underwent MVD. They were followed up for 6 months after surgery and divided into the observation group and the control group based on whether delayed cure occurred after MVD. The influencing factors of delayed cure after MVD in patients with hemifacial spasm were analyzed, and a nomogram risk model was constructed and validated. Results After follow-up, no patients were lost to follow-up. There was 1 recurrence, 1 ineffective case, 2 partial remissions, 3 significant remissions, 21 delayed cures, and 80 immediate cures. The observation group had a longer medical history than the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of severe vascular compression during surgery, grade IV hemifacial spasm severity before surgery, and undiminished abnormal muscle response (AMR) monitoring in the observation group was higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with nerve root indentation in the observation group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Long medical history, severe vascular compression during surgery, grade IV hemifacial spasm severity before surgery, and undiminished AMR monitoring were independent risk factors for delayed cure after MVD in patients with hemifacial spasm (P<0.05). Nerve root indentation was a protective factor for delayed cure after MVD in patients with hemifacial spasm (P<0.05). The nomogram model predicted delayed cure after MVD in patients with hemifacial spasm with a sensitivity of 90.48%, a specificity of 83.75%, and an AUC of 0.929. Conclusions Long medical history, severe vascular compression during surgery, grade IV hemifacial spasm severity before surgery, undiminished AMR monitoring, and nerve root indentation are related to delayed cure after MVD in patients with hemifacial spasm. Constructing a nomogram risk model is helpful for early identification of the risk of delayed cure after MVD.

The concept of mesenteric anatomy and the surgical method for complete resection of the distal mesentery in gastric cancer and its impact on lymph node dissection in the N0.4d group

Zhang Yunfei , Li Ruixin, Wang Jingtao, Ji Xiang, Zhao Tingting, Wang Guojun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 724-729. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.16

Abstract ( 14 )

PDF (3852KB) ( 19 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To elucidate the correct anatomical dissection planes between the gastric mesentery and transverse mesocolon based on the concept of mesenteric anatomy, to evaluate its impact on complete mesogastric excision and No.4d lymph node dissection in gastric cancer surgery. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2023 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different dissection methods of the gastric mesenteric space and the right transverse mesocolic space, they were divided into membrane dissection group (33 cases) and traditional dissection group (29 cases). The integrity of gastric mesangium in postoperative specimens of the two groups was observed, and the intraoperative mesangium free time, intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph nodes dissection and postoperative complications in groups 6 and 4d were compared between the two groups. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient clinic, letter and telephone until September 1, 2024. Results All patients successfully completed laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer, and there was no significant difference in general data between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the traditional dissection group, complete "envelope" mesengectomy was observed in the membrane dissection group, and the number of lymph node dissection was significantly increased (13.55±6.20 vs 4.69±1.74，P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative bleeding, mesangial free time and the number of lymph nodes dissection in N0.6. No serious complications occurred in both groups. All patients in both groups were followed up for a median of 10 months (5-15 months). During the follow-up period, 1 patient in the traditional dissection group was found to have bilateral ovarian metastasis 11 months after surgery, and no patient died. Conclusions The correct dissection of the gastric mesangium and the right transverse mesocolic plane guided by the concept of membrane anatomy can safely obtain a more complete mesangectomy area and thorough dissection of N0.4d lymph nodes.

Research and application on the development of a novel environmentally friendly alcoholic fixative for anatomy

Zhao Bin, Zhang Tao, Li Shikun, Cheng Xiaoping, Li Xiaohe, Wang Zhiqiang, Wang Haiyan

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 730-734. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.17

Abstract ( 12 )

PDF (1346KB) ( 9 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To develop a novel environmentally friendly alcoholic fixative with superior efficacy, lower economic cost, and reduced irritancy, and to evaluate its preservation effectiveness. Methods A new fixative was formulated using a specific proportion of alcohol, glycerin, phenol, benzoic acid, ferric chloride, thymol, sodium chloride, and fragrance. This novel fixative was used to fix the cadavers of 12 four-month-old New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2000-2500 g for 120 days. Comparative analyses were conducted with traditional fixatives in terms of bacterial concentration, tissue specimen morphology, and economy. Additionally, a preservative irritancy experiment was performed on 20 female Wistar rats aged 7 to 8 weeks and weighing 170-180 g, comparing the irritancy of the novel fixative with that of traditional preservatives. Results Compared with traditional formalin fixatives, the novel environmentally friendly alcoholic fixative exhibited a longer fixation onset time but similar surface moldiness. It maintained good morphology of epithelial and muscle tissues, had equivalent bacteriostatic properties, and was less irritant and less expensive than most other improved fixatives. Conclusions The novel fixative has lower irritancy than traditional formalin preservatives and a lower price than most other improved fixatives, while exhibiting equivalent fixative capabilities to traditional formalin fixatives.

Prediction model construction and research progress of vascular crisis after finger replantation surgery

Yang Yi, Xie Guangzhong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 735-740. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.18

Abstract ( 12 )

PDF (2076KB) ( 8 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

As a major breakthrough in microsurgery, the success of digital replantation is largely determined by the occurrence of postoperative vascular crisis, which remains the primary cause of replantation failure. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the research progress in predictive models for vascular crisis following digital replantation, analyze the challenges in clinical application, and explore future directions for multimodal integration models based on anatomy, molecular biology, and intelligent monitoring technology, with the goal of improving the survival rate of replanted digits.

Thoracoscopic radical resection of right lower lung cancer with B2 bronchial descent variation: a case report and anatomical analysis

Bao Feng, Mao Ning, Yuan Ji, Sun Dengqun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2025, 43(6): 741-744. doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2025.6.19

Abstract ( 15 )

PDF (2662KB) ( 5 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Table of Content