Objective　To investigate anatomic features of the false thyroid capsule, and discuss it's clinical significance.    Methods　In 95 cases of unilateral total thyroid lobectomy, the anatomical structures of the false thyroid capsule and its relationship with thyroid vessels, parathyroid, recurrent laryngeal nerves were observed.    Results　At the sites of inferior thyroid vein, middle thyroid veins and superior thyroid vessel attached to thyroid gland, false thyroid capsule showed a meso-like structure attached to the thyroid glands. After removing the gland lobe, a continuous platform of false thyroid appeared, with the shape of "C", and the thyroid vessels emerged from the edge of meso-like fascia respectively. Among the circle of "C"- like fascia, recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior thyroid artery, the parathyroid glands located in it.    Conclusions　The anatomy awareness of the false thyroid capsule is benefit to safety thyroid surgery, especially in capsular dissection.