Table of Content

25 November 2014 Volume 32 Issue 6

  

Applied anatomy of the lateral branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in the avascular space

WANG Tie-Long, SONG Xiao-Fei, TUN An-Xun, DIAO Yan, DAN Jian, LIU Qing-Hui, LI Shuang-Cheng, DIAO Rui-Li

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  633-636.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 779 )  

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Objective　To provide the anatomical basis to protect the lateral branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during the thyroid surgery.   Methods    32 Chinese cadavers (64  sides) were dissected to explore anatomic features of the lateral branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN ) in the avascular space, and observe the close relationship between the LBSLN and other anatomical structures in this space.    Result    The superior laryngeal nerve loop was observed on 3 sides. On all sides, the EBSLN provided the cricothyroidal branch. The pharyngeal branch was found on 46 (71.8%) sides. The Friedman classification was used to define variations in EBSLN. Type 1, type 2 and type 3 accounted for  28.1%（18/64）, 54.7%（35/64）and 17.2%（11/64）, respectively. The point EBSLN penetrated the inferior constrictor muscle is located under the sternothyroid muscle. The vertical distance between the point where the nerve penetrated the inferior constrictor and slash was (3.60±0.30) mm. The vertical distance between the point where the nerve penetrated the inferior constrictor and the medial margin of sternothyroid muscle was (8.27±1.72) mm. The distance between the point where the nerve penetrated the inferior constrictor and the midpoint of the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage was (27.09±1.46) mm.  Conclusion    Most of EBSLNs could be exposed and protected by the surgical approach of the potential avascular space. In more than 17.2% cases, EBSLN may not be found, but it will not be damaged.

The anatomical study of the entry point of axis pedicle screw by posterior nutrient foramens

LIU Jia-Meng, JIANG Jian, LIU Zhi-Li, LONG Xin-Hua, CHEN Wen-Zhao, ZHOU Yang, GAO Song, HE Lai-Chang, HUANG Shan-Hu

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  637-639.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 396 )  

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Objective　To determine the related linear and angular parameters about the new entry point (nutrient foramens) of C2 pedicle screw on computed tomography images.  Methods　30 dry C2 vertebrae were obtained for anatomic measurement in the study. The posterior bilateral nutrient foramens of C2 lamina were selected as the entry points for pedicle screw placement. The foramens were marked with needles and then the vertebrae underwent computed tomography (CT) scan. The images of C2 pedicles were harvested and four linear and two angular parameters about the entry point were determined.   Results　The nutrient foramens exist in 97% of the left lamina and 93% of the right lamina of C2 vertebra. The overall mean distance from the entry point (nutrient foramen) to the superior border of lamina, to the inferior border of lamina, to the medial border of the pedicle were （3.36±0.57）mm, （8.41±1.08）mm and （6.91±1.20）mm, respectively. The length of the pedicle screw trajectory was （24.71±1.35）mm. The average transverse angle and the superior angle were（20.17±3.65）° and（31.02±5.71）°, respectively.　Conclusion　According to the measurement, the posterior bilateral nutrient foramens of the lamina can be used as a fixed landmark to locate C2 pedicle screw placement. 

Applied anatomy of contralateral lumbosacral nerve roots transfer to repair lower extremity motor function in hemiplegic stoke

CHEN Hui-Gao, HOU Chun-Lin, LEI De-Qiao, YIN Gang, LIN Gao-Dong

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  640-643.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 565 )  

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Objective    Observe the anatomic structure of intraspinal anterior and posterior lumbosacral roots to provide anatomic basis for clinical application of normal lumbosacral nerve roots transferring in lower extremity motor functionrestoration in hemiplegic stoke.   Methods    Posterior lumbosacral midline incisions were made on both sides of 6 adult cadaveric specimens; conus medullaris and cauda equine were exposed; the length of L2~S1 spinal nerve roots and diameter of anterior roots were measured; the amount of myelinated nerve fibers was counted under a high-powered microscope, and anterior nerve roots transferring was simulated.  Results    The length of L2~S1 spinal nerve anterior roots gradually increased from top- down in spinal canal, being (7.57±0.82), (9.12±1.04), (11.56±1.27), (12.75±1.33) and (13.87±1.56) cm, respectively. The diameter was (1.10±0.10), (1.32±0.16), (1.24±0.12), (1.42±0.14) and (1.52±0.21) mm. The amount of myelinated nerve fibers was (8051±898), (10253±1035), (8684±1168), (9638±1446) and (9347±1322). The same or adjacent segments of bilateral anterior nerve roots could be directly anastomosed without tension in the simulated transferring on the cadaveric specimens.  Conclusion  Contralateral L2~S1 spinal nerve anterior roots can be used as new donor nerves to repair lower extremity motor function in hemiplegic stoke.

Applied anatomic study and three-dimension reconstruction of the blood supply of pancreatic head

LI Mei-Xiu-Li, BANG Tian-Gong, DAN Xiao-Tian, LI Jian-Die, CHEN Qing-Hua, XIE Wei, WANG Ai-Beng, CAO Lei

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  644-647.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 721 )  

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Objective　To investigate the applied anatomy of the blood supply of the pancreatic head, and provide anatomic basis for surgery in the pancreatic head and the Artery-perfusion Chemotherapy.  Methods　Anatomical observations was carried out to investigate the relationship of the blood supply in pancreatic heads of 15 fresh adult specimens which are injected with red-colored latex. 6 fresh adult specimens are injected with polyvinyl alcohol-ceria for CT scan, the data of which are used for three-dimensional reconstruction.  Results　The main blood supply of pancreatic head are: anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, the anterior and posterior arterial arcades. The distances of the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arch and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arch at the top of the caput pancreas, major duodenal papilla, the bottom of the caput pancreas to duodenum were (1.08±0.21) cm, (1.23±0.22) cm, (1.12±0.25) cm and (1.15±0.28) cm, (1.25±0.24) cm, (1.05±0.25) cm, respectively. Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels of the pancreatic head could display directly and stereoscopically the relationship of the various sources of blood supply to the pancreatic head.　Conclusion  In order to not injure the blood supply of the duodenum, we should keep the anterior and posterior arterial arcades of pancreaticoduodenal intact when we perform the excision surgery the pancreatic head cancer with reservation of the duodenum, which dictates that  the distance between the suture silk and the right border of caput pancreas should be kept longer than 1.5cm .Three-dimensional reconstruction of the blood vessels of pancreatic head can provide guidance for the surgery of the pancreatic head and interventional therapy.

Anatomical study of the inferior area of myopectineal orifice in subilioinguinal approach   

XU Shun-Li, LV Xiang, LIU Zi-Guo, WANG Xi-Sheng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  648-651.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 594 )  

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Objective　To re-understandthe structure of inferior area of myopectineal orifice to offer the anatomic evidence for prevention of femoral hernia after operation of acetabulum fracture via subilioinguinal approach.　Methods　Twenty human adult cadavers were dissected in the Anatomy Department at Xinxiang Medical College. The anatomical structures in the inferior area of myopectineal orifice includingfemoral sheath, lacunar ligament and pecten pubis fascia that may  be exposed in  the subilioinguinal approach were observed and documented.　Results　The shape of the inferior area of myopectineal orifice was similar to being ladder-shaped and the sealing structures included vagina vasorum, lacunar ligament and pectineus muscular fasciae. However, there were multiple domains in the inferior area of myopectineal orifice were weak enough to induce the femoral hernia.　Conclusion 　The weak domains of the inferior area of the myopectineal orifice were the possible location for occurrence of femoral hernia, which required protection and/or reconstruction. 

The microscopic anatomy and the clinic research of the third dorsal metatarsal artery

DIAO Liang, WANG Bin, GAO Qiang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  652-654.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 553 )  

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Objective　To provide anatomical basis for reconstruction of finger degloving injury by tissue graft using the third dorsal metatarsal artery as the main feeding artery.　Method　Thirty adult specimens of feet were microdissected and measured in this study．The origin and course of each segment of the third dorsal metatarsal artery were observed and measured，and the functions were analyzed.　Results　(1) In the 30 sides of specimens, the third dorsal metatarsal artery communicated with the plantar artery through the anterior and posterior perforating branches in the proximal and distal ends of the third metatarsal bone and or mainly originated from the anterior and posterior perforating branches. (2)According to the source of the third dorsal metatarsal artery，these can be divided into: Ⅰ. the dorsal pedal artery was the main source arteries in 5 sides, accounting for 17% of the total; Ⅱ. The plantar artery is the main source artery in 21sides, accounting for 70% of the total. In type IIa, posterior perforating branches are the main source artery (including the full origin from the posterior perforating branches) in 19 sides, accounting for 63% of the total; IIb. anterior perforating branches is the main type 2 sides, accounting for 7% of the total; Ⅲ. shared source artery in 4 sides, accounting for 13% of the total.　Conclusion 　In most cases, foot tissue graft based on the third dorsal metatarsal artery as the main feeding artery is feasible to a certain extent in reconstruction of finger degloving injury. 

Applied anatomy of superficial lymphatic distribution of the foot and toes

CENG Fan-Jiang, BO Wei-Ren, WANG De-An

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  655-658.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 1004 )  

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Objective　To determine the superficial lymphatic anatomy of the foot for clinic applications.　Methods　Four feet harvested from two unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Under a surgical microscope, a mixture of 6% hydrogen peroxide was used to detect lymphatic vessels commencing on bilateral sides of each toe and the foot edge. The collecting lymphatic vessel was found beneath the dermis. A 30-gauge needle was inserted and injected with a radio-opaque barium sulphate mixture. The vessels were traced, photographed and radiographed to demonstrate the lymphatic distribution and the relationship with the superficial veins of the foot.　 Results　Each toe contained two lymph collecting vessels, one on each side. The mean vessel diameter was 0.5 mm. An average of fourteen lymph collecting vessels were found in the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsum of the foot. The mean vessel diameter was 0.6 mm. They were the continuation of lymph vessels arising from the toes, the medial and the lateral borders of the foot. There were a few vessels (mean 2, range 1 to 4) were distributed in the posterior aspect of the foot, arising from the sides of the Achilles tendon bilaterally in the subcutaneous tissue just above the heel. Lymphatic vessels of the foot travelled in a meandering fashion within the subcutaneous tissue and passed over and/or under the veins where they met.　Conclusion　Actual and accurate superficial lymphatic distribution of the foot has been described. This information upgrades the knowledge of the lymphatic anatomy and the results will be of bene?t for clinical management and further studies in the region.

A case of variation of bilateral testicular vascular

WANG Huai-Lin, MA Wen-Ting, SHI Wen-Bo, XIE Guo-Chi, LV Lou-Lou, LIAO Ya-Li, DENG Hui, LI Wen-Ai

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  658.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 446 )  

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Distribution of intramuscular nerves and muscular architecture in human sternohyoid

SHU Guang-Qiong, LIU Jian, LI Shou-Tian

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  659-661.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 564 )  

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Objective　To reveal morphologic features of human sternohyoid for clinical application. Methods　Modified Sihler’s staining, muscle architecture method, gross anatomy method were used. 　Results 　①Muscle weight (7.71±0.78) g, muscle fiber length ( 6.71±0.63) cm, fiber length ( 8.20±0.93), pennation angle（0）°, and physiologic cross sectional area: (1.27±0.08) cm2. ②The nerves of the sternohyoid mainly derived from the ansa cervical, and it divided into two branches. The upper and lower branches that respectively went into the muscle from the lateral aspect.　Conclusion　 ①Sternohyoid is planus in human, implying a design towards high speed production. ②The sternohyoid muscle has independent innervations of upper and lower two parts.

Common origin of left obturator artery and inferior epigastric artery: one case report

WEI Jian-Tong, WANG Ke-Beng, ZHOU Hai-Yu, WANG Jian-Min

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  661.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 424 )  

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The digital morphological study of lower cervical pedicle in children

ZHANG Shao-Jie, WANG Xing, LI Zhi-Jun, ZHANG Yuan-Zhi, GAO Chang, WANG Zhi-Jiang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  662-665.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 384 )  

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Objective　To explore morphological characteristic and developmental pattern of pedicles in lower cervical vertebrae in children for pedicle screw fixation.　Methods　MSCT data of cervical vertebrae were collected from 60 healthy children aged 4～12 years old. Children with an interval of three years were included in one group. There 20 children in each group. . The data were imported into Mimics for 3D image reconstruction the pedicle width (PW), pedicle height (PH), the entire of pedicle osseous channel (POCL), External deflection angle( e angle) and tail deflection angle (f angle) of C3~C7 were measured  and he PW / PH (I value) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by age group and segment.　Results　PW, PH, POCL and e angle generally showed an increasing trend with increasing age. PW, PH and POCL of each vertebra in 10~12 years old group had differences with 6~9 years old group and 4~6 years old group (P＜0.05), e and f angle had little difference between the different age groups. PW in each group showed a gradually increasing trend. PH, POCL and e angle had little difference between different vertebrae in each group. f angle had significant differences in each group, showing a gradient from a positive value to a negative values f angle of C7 was the maximally negative in value. I value generally showed decreasing trend with increasing age. I value of C3~C7 changed from ＞1.0 to ＜1.0 in different groups; it had no difference between different vertebrae in each group (P＞0.05).　Conclusion　The developmental pattern in pedicles of different segment is obvious, but there are individual differences. According to the cervical pedicle morphology, pedicle-screw technique in lower cervical pedicle of larger than 4 years old children is feasible.

Reconstruction and volume measurement research and value of cerebellar nuclei based on Amira 5.4

ZHANG Xiao-Yang, WANG Chan-Chan, YUAN Wu, LI Yun-Sheng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  666-670.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 683 )  

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Objective　To reconstruct the 3-D visualization model of cerebellar nuclei, and measure the volumes of them for defining the differences of the volumes of cerebellar nuclei between male and female, further providing reliable data for the researches about location, clinical function, and gender differences of cerebellar nuclei.    Methods    12 groups of images were obtained from cerebellum specimens embedded by celloidin. Amira 5.4 was used to accomplish 3-D reconstruction and volume measurement of cerebellar nuclei, and then compared the volume of cerebellar nuclei between left and right, male and female. Results                  3-D model showed that the structures and morphology of cerebellar nuclei were well-defined; the spatial relationship with the fourth ventricle was also displayed clearly. Regarding the volumes of cerebellar nuclei, we found no differences between the left and right by statistical comparison (P>0.05); a significant statistical difference was found in dentate nucleus between male and female (P<0.001), but for other cerebellar nuclei, there was no significant statistical difference (P>0.05).    Conclusion    The morphology, volumes of cerebellar nuclei and the spatial relationship with the fourth ventricle can be obtained explicitly by 3-D reconstruction; gender differences of the volumes of dentate nucleus also may provide important value for further function research of cerebellar nuclei.

Non-invasive showing of the connections of the human thalamus using diffusion imaging

CHEN Yi-Yong, YIN Wei-Gang, LIN Rong, DING Jie, WANG Shou-Dao, HONG Hai-Qing, LI Lin

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  671-675.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 620 )  

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Objective　To show and analyze the structural connectivity perspective of the thalamus.  Methods  10 High-resolution structural images(T1w) and High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging(HARDI) data sets from Human Connectome Project(HCP) were acquired and analyzed. The connectivity perspective of thalamus, the tractography, registration of the brain structure were demonstrated and analysis of the connectivity was performed using DSI-Studio and BrainSuite software.　Results　(1) 3-dimensional images showingthe anterior, superior , posterior and inferior thalamic peduncles can be obtained using the DSI-studio software and BrainSuite software. (2) The structural connectivity between human thalamus and the other parts of the brain was shown using the BrainSuite software.　Conclusion　High-resolution T1 images and high angular resolution diffusion imaging data from HCP can be used to study the structural connectivity of the human thalamus; furthermore, the results can provide the basis for clinical research of thalamus.

CT anatomic study on the lateral conal fascia formed by the anterior and posterior renal fasciae

GAO Qi-Min, LI Jin, WANG Wen-Juan, SUN Shun-Ji, YANG Chun-Bei, DONG Feng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  676-679.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 1650 )  

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Objective　To study the anatomic position of the lateral conal fascia on different levels formed by the anterior and posterior renal fasciae outside of the kidney.　Methods　A retrospective analysis of the CT images of 66 patients with acute pancreatitis has been done. The anatomic position of the integration of anterior and posterior renal fasciae outside of the kidney on different levels has been observed and recorded with the edge to the adjacent vertebral bodies as a reference.　Results　(1) Among 66 cases, 55 sides showed the integration of the lateral conal fascia outside the left kidney while 64 sides showed the integration on the right. (2) 83 sides showed constant anatomic position of the integration from the level of the renal helium to the infraconal space; moving from front to rear (33 sides); moving from rear to front (3 sides). (3) The anatomic location of the integration was showed cconsistent on both sides in 36 cases while inconsistent in 30 cases.　Conclusion　The integration of the anterior and posterior renal fasciae was mostly located between the prior and post edges of adjacent vertebrae; It’s not always constant on different levels, and it can be asymmetric on both sides.

The change of PC12 cells and the expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 under the 6-OHDA’s injury

WANG Hui, BAO Li-Hua, LI Chao, LI Gui-Bao, TUN Qi, SHU De-Xiao, TUN Jin-Chao, LIU Hai-Chi, ZHANG Jing, SUN Jin-Gao

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  680-684.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 497 )  

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Objective　To study the change of PC12 cells and the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 under the 6-OHDA’s injury.　Methods　PC12 cells were treated with concentration gradient of 6-OHDA.The the morphological change of PC12 cells was observed with light microscope, then MTT assay was used to detect the viability of PC12 cells treated with 6-OHDA . And the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was detected in different 6-OHDA concentrations with indirect immunofluorescence technique.　Results　With the increase of the concentration of 6-OHDA, the survival rate of PC12 cells decreased gradually. The number of the PC12 cells decreased, with the axon becoming shorter or disappearing. The results of indirect immunofluorescence technique showed that the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 increased with the amount of 6-OHDA.　Conclusion　The increase of the concentration of 6-OHDA leads to the apoptosis of the PC12 cells and the increase of the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12.

Effect of the exosomes from marrow-derived cardiac stem cells on apoptosis in the ischemia and hypoxia injured myocardial cells from adult rats

CUI Xiao-Jun, ZHANG Jian-Kai, ZHANG Zhi, ZHOU Li-Na, GUO Jin-Hua, WANG Xiao-Gong, MA Ying-La

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  685-689.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 371 )  

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Objective　To observe the apoptosis of injured adult rats myocardial cells induced by ischemia and hypoxia in vitro and the biological functions of the exosomes from marrow-derived cardiac stem cells (MCSCs-exosomes)．Methods　Cultured adult rats myocardial cells were divided into the control group，the ischemia-hypoxia group and the MCSCs-exosomes pretreated group． In vitro，we counted the cells and detected the expression of Bcl-2，bax by Western Blotting．The cell cycles and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry． Results　Compared with the control group，the model group showed lower cell counts(P<0.01) and higher apoptosis ratio． We also observed that the expression of Bcl-2 / bax was decreased(P<0.01) and the cell cycle was blocked at S phase．Compared with the ischemia-hypoxia group，MCSCs-exosomes pretreated groups showed apparent tolerance to ischemic and hypoxic injury in vitro，which manifested a higher cell viability，lower apoptosis ratio，increased expression of Bcl-2/bax and relief of the block of S phase( all P<0.05)． Conclusions    Ischemia and hypoxia could cause the apoptosis of cells in vitro.MCSCs-exosomes exhibited anti-apoptosis ability in vitro．All these may provide experimental evidences for the mechanisms of MCSCs-exosomes in therapy of tissue injury．

Further study on enlargement law of choke vessels between bilateral iliolumbar perforators in rat

HU Shi-Wang, MAO Hai-Jiao, PENG Ti-Hong, CUI Fu-Rui, HUANG Mei-Xian, TANG Mao-Lin, XU Da-Chuan

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  690-693.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 821 )  

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Objective　To observe the change law of density of choke vessels between the dorsal perforators, exploring the evaluation parameters of the enlargement of choke vessels. Methods　Microvascular anastomoses (i.e. choke vessels) were chosen, the targeted area being designed as the flap model in rats, which was located between the left and right iliac lumbar perforasomes; then gelatin-lead oxide angiography was performed，the grey values of choke vessels area (V-valley) and perforasomes (V-peak) were measured in Scion Image Beta 4.02 and the ratio of them was calculated in various time points.　Results　The grey value ratios of choke vessels and perforasomes in 1h, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 10d, 16d postoperatively were (0.29±0.05), (0.67±0.10), (0.78±0.08), (0.85±0.06), (0.60±0.12), (0.56±0.10), (0.53±0.11) and (0.41±0.07) respectively.　Conclusions　The choke vessels between the dorsal cutaneous perforasomes enlarge in 1h, peak in 3d, decline in 4d, and decrease gradually afterward. Calculation of the grey value ratio of choke vessels between perforasomes in the angiographic images is an optimal way to reflect the relative density of microvessels.

Comparative study of the implant osseointegration rate under two load conditions

HUANG Xing-Xiang, ZHANG Yu, XIANG Mei, XIE Chang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  694-697.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 479 )  

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Objective　To compare the implant osseointegration rate under two load conditions. Methods    Four premolars on one side of the mandibular of 4 Beagle dogs were removed．After 8 weeks of the healing, 4 implants were implanted in the mouth of each dog. Prosthetic abutments were installed after 10 weeks of implant surgery，which were divided into 2 groups：the mesial two ones as the control group were free of any occlusal contact, the distal two ones as the experimental group were connected in supra-occlusal contact with the opposite teeth to get the excessive load. At 8 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and all undecalcified hard tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue to perform bone histomorphometry analysis.   Results    Bone histomorphometry analysis showed that after installation of prosthetic  abutments for 8 weeks, the implant osseointegration rate in the experimental group and the control group were (87.71±1.77) % and (83.15±2.47) %. There was a significant difference between the two groups.   Conclusion   Under excessive load conditions, the implant osseointegration rate was higher.

Experimental study on the influence of P38MAPK inhibitor SB202190 on cytokines in flap ischemic reperfusion injury

TUN Jian-Long, JU Ji-Hui, ZHOU An-Liang, JIN Guang-Zhe, LI Zhi-Min, HOU Rui-Xin-

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  698-703.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 347 )  

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Objective　To explore the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 on IRI development and TNF-α、IL-10 expression levels in flap.  Methods    Forty-eight Wistar rats aged 12~14 weeks old, were randomly divided into control group (groupⅠ), ischemia-reperfusion group (groupⅡ), saline group (groupⅢ), P38 MAPK inhibitor group (groupⅣ). The superficial epigastric artery flap ischemia reperfusion injury model was made in the left lower quadrant abdominal of each rat. The flaps were harvested 7 days after injection to receive immunohistochemistry observation, and P38MAPK、P-P38MAPK scoring. The TNF-α and IL-10 levels of the superficial epigastric vein were tested.    Results    The survival rates of the flaps 7 days after operation in group Ⅳ was higher than in group Ⅱand Ⅲ significantly(P<0.05). The expression of P38MAPK and P-P38MAPK in groupⅣ was lower than that in groupⅡand Ⅲ. The expression of TNF-α in groupⅣ was lower than that in groupⅡand Ⅲ，but the IL-10 content in groupⅣ was higher than that in groupⅡ and Ⅲ. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between flap survival rates and TNF-α level; there was a significant positive correlation between P38MAPK, P-P38MAPK scoring and TNF-α level.  Conclusion   The intraperitoneal use of P38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 can decrease of the plasma TNF-α level, and improve skin flap survival from the Ischemia- reperfusion injury by preventing the activation of P38MAPK pathway

NUCB2/Nesfatin-1expression in the hypothalamus of DIO rats

QIN Xiao-Yun, WANG Ba-Jun, WU Shan-An, ZHANG Qiang-Jin, LIU Man-Jun, LAN Ling-Yuan, ZHANG Meng-Ya, HUANG Bei, QIN Xiao-Hua, JIA Chun-Bei

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  704-707.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 409 )  

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Objective　To explore the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression level in hypothalamus of diet induced obesity（DIO）rats, and to provide experimental basis for the mechanism of nerve regulation by glucolipid metabolism.　Methods　To setting up high glucose and lipid rat model by high-energy feed, using immunohistochemical method to detect the hypothalamus NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression level. 　Results　（1）NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression positive rate was 43.33% in the hypothalamus of the experimental group, which was significantly lower than that（80.00%）in the control group（P<0.05）.（2）NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression strength score was 2.159±0.918 in the hypothalamus in the experimental group, and was 3.683±1.250 in the control group（P<0.01）.　Conclusion 　NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 expression level was decreased obviously in the hypothalamus of diet induced obesity rats，suggesting NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 may play an important role in regulating glucolipid metabolism.

Effects of different dosages of morphine on conditioned place preference in male C57 mice

XIE Min-Juan, LI Juan, ZHANG Lu

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  708-710.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 710 )  

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Objective　To observe the conditioned place preference (CPP) changes in mice after treated with different doses of morphine, and provide reference for the further study of morphine addiction. Method 　3-month-old male C57 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of morphine, CPP and Straub tail reaction analysis were carried out.   Result    The Straub tail reaction analysis showed that: compared with control group, mice in morphine 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg groups demonstrated longer Straub tail reaction time (P< 0.05). The CPP analysis also showed that, compared with the control group mice，15mg/kg and 20mg/kg morphine reversed the natural tendency to black box of mice, which spent more time in the white box (P< 0.001). Meanwhile, the time spend in the white box was also statistically longer in the 10 mg/kg morphine group compared with the control group (P=0.049<0.05).　Conclusion 　15 mg/kg morphine can produce a significant adaptive change in CPP test in mice, which is an ideal dosage to construct morphine addiction model in mice.

Changes of heme oxygenase-1 and apoptosis as well as the relationship between them following carbon monoxide poisoning delayed encephalopathy in mice

DIAO Lin-Yan, LI Fang, WANG Su-Beng, XU Jian

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  711-715.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 644 )  

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Objective　To study the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 in the brain of mice at different time points after carbon monoxide poisoning. To detect neuron apoptosis and related gene expression in the brain of mice at different time points after carbon monoxide poisoning. To investigate the relationship between changes in heme oxygenase-1 and apoptosis of brain cells. 　Methods　Carbon monoxide poisoning delayed encephalopathy model by using intraperitoneal injection of carbon monoxide. Application The expression of HO-1 protein levels was observed By Western blotting analysis. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells. Application immunohistochemistry SABC observed Bcl-2 and Bax expression at the protein level.　Results　Expression of HO-1 protein is less in the air Control group by Western blotting；expression increased at 1d (1.14±0.43) (P<0.01), reaching a peak at 3d (2.91±1.07) (P<0.01) in CO poisoning group；Expression of HO-1 protein in poisoning group was still higher than in that in the control group at 21d (P<0.01). Apoptosis: the percentage of apoptotic cells increased in CO poisoning 12h group (21.95±24) (P<0.01), reaching the peak at 5d (34.27±4.19) (P< 0.01). The percentage of apoptotic cells was still high at 21d (9.25±1.16). Protein related: Bax expression increased after the poisoning, reaching the peak at 3d (34.5±0.58)( P<0.01). Bcl-2 expression reduced to a minimum at 3d (12.5±3.69) (P<0.01). The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 reached maximum at 3d.　Conclusion　Expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein and Apoptotic cells were significantly increased in the hippocampus after delayed encephalopathy in mouse of carbon monoxide poisoning. The changes of apoptotic cells were consistent with heme oxygenase-1 protein expression. The upregulated expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning.

Finite element analysis of the calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ fixed with locking plates in the internal and external position

YANG Pan, ZHANG Ying, LIU Jian, XIAO Jin, XIE Lin-Jiang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  716-720.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 445 )  

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Objective　To compare the biomechanical properties of the calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ fixed with locking plates in the internal and external position using finite element(FE) analysis, and therefore to provide theoretic reference for clinic application. 　Methods　3D FE model of the calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ fixed with locking plates in the internal and external position was constructed. The two fixation models were loaded under the same condition，and 1inear finite element analysis was carried out．The stress distribution in the two fixation models was calculated respectively.　Results 　Under the neutral position load the maximum displacement of the fracture lines in the two fixation models were less than fracture lines displacement requirement greater than 1 mm;the peak value of the maximum principle stress of the calcaneus in the two fixation models,located mainly around the cortical bones of calcaneal tuberosity, were less than the yield strength of 95 Mpa; the peak value of the maximum principle stress of the locking plate in the two fixation models, mainly located in the middle section of the locking plate, were less than the internal fixation failure strength of 225 MPa.　Conclusion　The biomechanical stability is satisfactory for the treatment of the calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ fixed with locking plates in the internal and external position.The latter have potential application in clinic compared with the former in the treatment of calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ.

The study on the biomechanics effect of spinal manipulation on function lumbar spinal unit

TAO Nv-Zhao, JIANG Jie, BANG Li-Liang, WANG Wen-Jun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  721-724.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 414 )  

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Objective　To simulate to two kinds of spinal manipulation that impose different torsion on isolated pig lumbar vertebrae.　Methods　Six fresh lumbar spine specimens from adult pigs were selected. Six loading programs were formulated by the usage of material testing system to stimulate oblique-pulling manipulation (no longitudinal traction and torques were 0,1,2 Nm respectively) and traction-rotation manipulation (longitudinal traction=250 N, torques were 0,1,2 Nm respectively). With the roles of the programs played on each specimen randomly, the biomechanical changes of porcine lumbar spine specimens caused by passive vertebral rotation were evaluated. It was achieved by measurement of changes of pressure in specimens' nucleus pulposus (L3/4) and in facet joints and disc height before and after the six programs. Results　(1) Pressure in nucleus pulposus：Changes of instantaneous value of pressure in nucleus pulposus: pressure elevated after oblique-pulling manipulation showed no statistical significance; pressure reduced after traction-rotation manipulation showed statistical significance (P=0.005); (2) Changes of disc height: compared with before, the changes of disc height in oblique-pulling group showed no statistical differences; however, disc height of traction-rotation group was higher than that of before, demonstrating statistical significance(P=0.001 ). (3) Results of pressure sensitive film: infrared scanning showed that pressure in facet joints could be elevated in both traction-rotation and oblique-pulling group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). The larger the torque was, the higher the pressure was in facet joints. No statistical difference existed between traction-rotation and oblique-pulling groups.　Conclusions　 Pressure in nucleus pulposus could be elevated by oblique-pulling manipulation and reduced by traction-rotation manipulation. Under traction-rotation manipulation, the increase of torques had an effect on disc height. However, the increase was the most obvious without torques. Regardless of traction-rotation or oblique-pulling manipulation, the increase of torques could elevate pressure in facet joints.

Analysis of curative effect of two methods of veno-arteriolization for repairing severed finger tips

JIANG Qi-Ting, YANG Li-Na, WANG Yu, JIANG Zhi-Wei

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  725-728.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 830 )  

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Objective　To explore the effectiveness of veno-arteriolization of finger lateral vein for repairing severed finger tips by comparing with veno-arteriolization of finger pulp vein.    Methods    From March 2006 to April 2012, 20 patients underwent veno-arteriolization of finger lateral vein (20 fingers, trial group). 14 patients underwent veno-arteriolization of the finger pulp vein (14 fingers, control group), Clinical data and surgical outcomes were compared retrospectively.    Results    All patients survived completely in trial group. The survival rate in the trial group was higher than in the control group (100% vs 71.4%); the postoperative length of nail was greater in the trial group (15.6±2.7 mm vs 11.9±2.2 mm); the motion of DIP joint was greater in trial group (62°±4° vs 45°±3°). The sensation restoration in the trial group was greater in trial group (S3+ vs S3); the excellent and good rate of interphalangeal activity was greater in the trial group (94.4% vs 77.8%）. There was statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.05).    Conclusion   The veno-arteriolization of finger lateral vein is a valuable method for repairing severed finger tips, which can promote growth of the nail, and restore motion and sensation of fingers.

Transfer of minute wrist flap supplied by superficial palmar branch of radial artery for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the fingers

JIANG Ji-Yong, WANG Hai-Wen, GU Rong, JIANG Xin-Min, MEI Xiong-Jun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  729-731.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 411 )  

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Objective   To study the methods and clinical curative effects of minute wrist flap supplied by superficial palmar branch of radial artery in treatment of skin and soft tissue defects in fingers.   Methods   8 cases with deep tissue exposure or soft tissue defects in the middle segment or the tip of the fingers were covered by minute wrist flaps that werepedicledon the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. Flaps were designed on the volar aspect of the wrist, with the dimension ranging from 3.5 cm×3.0 cm to 3.0 cm×2.0 cm.    Results   All flaps survived. an following-up of 3 to 6 months , with an average of 4 months, revealed that all flaps were soft in texture, similar in colour and luster to the donor site, absent of obvious blistering, good in wo-point discrimination, being 4~7 mm. Donor site was sutured directly, leaving linear scar and no obvious hyperplasia.  Conclusions   Treatment of soft tissue defects in fingers by minute wrist flap supplied by superficial palmar branch of radial artery is simple in surgical procedure, mild in donor-site trauma, good in appearance and sensory restoration. It is an ideal method for repairing of skin and soft tissue defects with exposure of deep tissue in fingers.

Two sets of blood supply of retrograde femoral anterolateral flap in repairing skin and soft tissue defect in the upper middle section of the leg

XIAO Chun-Lin, DIAO Min, SHI Bai-Na, ZHOU Jiang-Jun, GAO Wei, YANG Dun, FU Mei-Qing, XIONG Bin

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  732-734.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 467 )  

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Objective　To investigate clinical curative effects of  two sets of blood supply of the retrograde femoral anterolateral skin flap in repairing skin and soft tissue defect in  upper middle section of the leg.　Methods　From July 2011 to December 2013, Modified retrograde femoral anterolateral skin flaps were adopted to repair 5 cases of wound in the upper middle section of the leg. The retrograde femoral anterolateral skin flap was harvested based on the high cutaneous branches. According to the principle "external pressure", End-side anastomosis increased blood flow to the flap.   Results   5 cases flaps all survived. Flap shape satisfaction，Quality of a material is good ，For the area without complications. Conclusion    The modified retrograde femoral anterolateral skin flap of with two sets of blood supply has the advantages of being long in vascular pedicle length, large in donor area, profuse in blood supply and high in survival rate It is a good choice for repairing upper leg wound.

Preliminary clinical observation of repairing peripheral nerve defect by a novel artificial nerve conduit

WANG Hua-Song, TUN Gang, HUANG Ji-Feng, ZHANG Wei-Cai

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  735-738.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 306 )  

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Objective　To explore the clinical effect of  a novel bionic  artificial nerve conduit on repairing defect of  peripheral nerves.　Methods　From December, 2011 to December, 2012, patients suffered from peripheral nerve defect of upper limbs were treated by surgical treatments using the  artificial nerve conduits and followed up.  “The Upper Extremity Functional Evaluation Standard by Hand Surgery Branch Of Chinese Medical Association” was used to evaluate the neural function.　Results　A total of 8 cases received following-up. Neural function of 6 cases was partially restored among which 2 cases got excellent result, 3 cases good and 1 cases fair.　Conclusion　This novel nerve conduit showed good effect on defect of  peripheral nerve and consequently was an ideal repairing materials for peripheral nerve defect.

Rare variation of extensor tendon digiti quinti: one case report

LIU Xin-Beng, XU Xu-Dong

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  738.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 421 )  

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Diagnosis and treatment of patella baja after total knee arthroplasty and review of literatures

WANG Jian, ZHENG Shao-Wei, CHEN Guo-Fen, LI Ji-Han, Shaikh Atik Badshah, LI Min, ZHANG Xiang, SHI Tie-Jun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  739-742.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 653 )  

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Objective　To explore the diagnosis and treatment of patella baja after total knee arthroplasty.　Methods　Retrospective analysis of clinical data of one case about patella baja after total knee arthroplasty was carried out.　Results　one 55-year-old female patient was hospitalized due to pain in the anterior aspect of the knee and limited motion range of the knee a year after right knee replacement surgery. The patient was diagnosed as right patella baja by lateral plain radiography and then underwent right patellar ligament lysis and right patellar surface replacement, which effectively relieved knee pain and knee flexion activity limitation. The patient was followed up and according to  HSS score, the knee pain, knee function, range of motion of knee all improved significantly.   Conclusion   Low patella after total knee arthroplasty is not common; the correct diagnosis and treatment to improve the quality of life of patients is particularly important.

Analysis of one misdiagnosis case with adult-onset Still’s disease

LUO Jie-Che, DENG Sai-Ran, LUO Yu-Qiao, LUO Te-Hua, LUO Dao-Che

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  743.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 379 )  

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Recent advances of microRNA participate in the process of thyroid carcinoma

TAN Can-Liang, LIU Li-Xin

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  744-746.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 354 )  

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Relationship of Estrogen and its Receptors and Risk of Thyroid Cancer

GU Qin, LI Yan-Ping, WU Sai-Qi, ZHANG Yu-Yang, LI Jiang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  747-749.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 461 )  

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A method of display language area and fiber connection specimens

ZHANG Qing, LI Rui-Qi, LI Bo-Lun, SHU Rong, WANG Miao, WANG Hui

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2014, 32(6):  750-751.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2014

Abstract ( 568 )  

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