Table of Content

25 January 2015 Volume 33 Issue 1

  

Applied anatomy and significance of blood supply of accessory nerve

BANG Fu-Sen, DU You-Gong, ZHANG Xin, ZHANG Yan-Gong, CHEN Fei, DAN Xiao-Tian

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  1-4.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 1553 )  

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Objective   To study the blood supply source and style of accessory nerve to provide a reliable anatomical basis for transfer of the vascularized accessory nerve and the vascularized neuro-muscular compound skin flap.   Methods   15 fresh specimen underwent arterial perfusion of foam rubber and polyvinyl alcohol-oxidation bismuth and plain radiography  to study the external diameter of nutrient vessel of accessory nerve at its origin, the distance between the origin and the accessory nerve, the farthest distance from the accompany artery to accessory nerve, feature of blood supply of accessory nerve.   Results   The sources of blood supply of accessory nerve came from the occipital artery, superficial cervical artery,transverse cervical artery, dorsal scapular artery. External diameter of the stem of the r nutrient arteries of the accessory nerve at the origin was（1.5±0.5）mm,（2.3±0.2）mm,（2.1±0.3）mm,（1.8±0.5）mm, respectively. The distance from  the origin of the blood vessel to accessory nerve was（1.6±0.6）cm,（4.6±0.4）cm,（4.8±0.7）cm,（1.0±0.3）cm, respectively. The major blood vessels that traveled with the accessory nerve for（4.1±0.7）cm,（7.3±0.6）cm,（8.6±0.6）cm,（8.5±0.5）cm, sequentially.   Conclusions    The sources of blood supply of accessory nerve come from the occipital artery, superficial cervical artery, transverse cervical artery, dorsal scapular artery and they should be cautiously protected in  transfer of the vascularized accessory nerve.

The anatomical study of transfer of motor branches from proximal segment of the tibial nerve for treatment of high-level sciatic nerve injury 

LI Meng-Heng, ZHONG Gong-Fa, CHEN Rong-Chun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  5-8.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 526 )  

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Objective    To explore the feasibility of transfer of motor branches from the proximal tibial nerve to treat high-level sciatic nerve injuries in an anatomical study.   Methods    30 sides of lower limbs from 15 embalmed adult cadavers were used to dissect and the motor branches from proximal tibial nerve were measured for following parameters, such as length, diameter, the location of original point relative to the level of the fibular head and the distance from original point to the fibular neck. Intraneural dissection the common peroneous nerve from the bifurcation to the proximal was performed to isolate the division of the deep and superficial peroneous division; the maximum length of intraneural dissection that could be dissected and the diameter of deep peroneous nerves were also measured.  Results   There were three main motor branches at the proximal leg: the branches destined to the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius and to the soleus muscle. The length of these branches was (36.3±9.6) mm, (44.7±8.6) and (53.2±9.9)mm  respectively. The maximum length of intraneural dissection of the common peroneous nerve was (59.3±7.2) mm. After dissection, branches to the soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius were adequate for direct nerve suture with the deep peroneous division in all cadavers without tension. And in 28 sides  of lower limbs (93.3 percent), branches to the medial head of the gastrocnemius were adequate for nerve suture.  Conclusion     After intraneural dissection of the common fibular nerve, the motor branches from the proximal part of the tibial nerve can be harvested and transfered to restore the deep peroneous nerve in the treatment of high sciatic nerve injuries. Considering the length and diameter, branches to the soleus muscle were the best choice for the proposed transfer.

Anatomical observation on volar retrograde screw placement technique to treat wrist scaphoid fracture 

HONG Jia-Yuan, HU Wei-Jie, LIU Jiang, HUANG Li-Ping, WU Ning

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  9-11.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 491 )  

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Objective  To compare the difference of damage inflicted on the blood supply to the scaphoid by retrograde and anterograde screw placement technique through  cadaveric study, thus providing anatomical basis for the optimal approach of nail placement.  Methods   Five pairs of fresh frozen upper limbs (a total of 10) were randomly and equally divided into the control group (using the volar anterograde screw placement technique), the experimental group (the volar retrograde screw placement technique) simulated surgery was performed on the cadaver using the two different techniques. after the surgery, filling materials were injected into the arterial systems of the cadavers and dissection was carried out to observe the vascular conditions around the scaphoid.  Results  Through the anatomical study of the five pairs of fresh upper limbs, the surgical vision in the experimental group is clearer with more well-defined structures and less leakage of filling materials than that in the control group; also different tissues in the surgical field （P＜0.05）. Conclusion   When compared with the volar anterograde screw placement technique, The volar retrograde screw placement technique inflicts a milder damage to the blood supply to qscaphoid, can maximum limit protection wrist scaphoid blood supply.

Anatomic study of the volar single-aperture approach of endoscopic carpal tunnel release

WEI Rui-Hong, PENG Yong-Jing, XIE Feng-Qing, JIANG Gao-Li, XIONG Hong-Chao, FANG Ti-Che, ZHANG Han

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  12-16.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 617 )  

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Objective   To report the palmar approach and surgical method for the view to provide anatomical data for the volar single-aperture approach of endoscopic carpal tunnel release(ECTR).  Methods 16 specimens of fresh adult upper limb were used to observe and measure the anatomical structures in the carpal tunnel and palm. 6 specimens of fresh adult upper limb were used randomly to simulate the operation that divided the flexor retinaculum and released the median nerve of ECTR by one-point technique in palm. Results   The best entrance point in palm of ECTR: Draw a parallel line along the thumb in the maximal abduction position to the ulnar side, and draw a axis between the middle finger and the ring finger; Mark the intersection of the lines, and then take an incision in the ulnar aspect about 1cm away from the intersection. Surgical plane was the lacunar space between the superficial fascia and palmar aponeursis.   Conclusion   Our study confirms that ECTR by one-point technique in palm is safe and feasible. It’s practical for surgeons to adopt the surgical approach of  ECTR and avoid damage  during severance offlexor retinaculum and relief of the median nerve under endoscope.

The applied anatomic study of the lateral-rectus approach in the treatment of acetabular fractures

ZHANG Xiao, XIONG Ran, LI Chao, WANG Hua, FAN Shi-Cai

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  17-20.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 1647 )  

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Objective   To discuss the safety and clinical value of lateral-rectus approach in the treatment of acetabular fractures.   Methods   5 fresh adult cadaveric specimens (3 males,2 females) were used. For each cadaver, an dissection was conducted on the right side of the abdominal wall to be acquainted with the anatomy. While on the contralateral side the lateral-rectus approach was used to simulate the surgical  procedure to expose the pelvic ring. Anatomical observation and measurement of the anatomic indexes of the CMOR were performed.  Results   (1) An adequate exposure included the pelvic ring from the pubic symphysis to sacroiliac joints, quadrilateral plate, ala of ilium and most part of the medial side of the posterior column of acetabular is obtained by the lateral-rectus approach. (2)According to the anatomic observation and statistical analysis we found that the occurrence rate of the CMOR was 80% (8 sides), the average diameter of the CMOR was (2.1±1.9) mm, the average length was (4.7±0.5) cm. The average distance between the public symphysis and CMOR was (4.9±0.4) cm. And there was no significant difference between male and female. Conclusions   The lateral-rectus approach for fracture of acetabulum provides an adequate exposure of the most part of the pelvic ring including the sacroiliac joints under the condition of zero harm to vital nerves and blood vessels. Particularly, it’s more convenient for us to display and ligate ‘CMOR vessels’, compared with traditional approaches, it has evident edge for a better exposure of quadrilateral plate and posterior column of the acetabum, which has great potential clinical application value for the treatment of the acetabular fracture.

The analysis of the different illustration of the medial plantar artery between the Chinese and foreign languages literatures

ZHANG Yu, GAO Qiu-Meng, DENG Yin-Shuan, XUE Yun, SHI Pei-Cheng, DENG Xiao-Wen

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  21-23.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 479 )  

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Ultrasonographic anatomy of median nerve in carpal tunnel of normal persons

SHU Miao, SHU Hua-Beng, SHI Ceng-Yuan, CHEN De-Song

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  24-27.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 998 )  

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Objective   To discuss measuring methods and indicators in ultrasonographic anatomy of the median nerve in carpal tunnel.  Methods   60 sides media nerve in carpal tunnel of normal subjects underwent high-frequency ultrasonographic examination. Cross-sectional area of the median nerve at entrance plane, midpoint plane and exit plane were measured.  thethickness of the palmar retinaculum, the flattening ratio of the median nerve at midpoint were measured too. The stiffness of median nerve in carpal tunnels of 30 sides was measured at the proximal 1/3 segment, middle 1/3 segment, and distal 1/3 segment by ultrasonic shear wave elastography. Results：The mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve at entrance plane, midpoint plane and exit plane respectively were（0.09±0.02）cm2，（0.08±0.02）cm2 and （0.10±0.03）cm2; There was no statistical difference among the mean value. The mean flattening ratio of the median nerve at midpoint plane was 3.12±0.29. The mean thickness of palmar retinaculum was（0.33±0.07）cm. The mean value of maximum stiffness at the proximal segment, the middle segment, and the distal segment respectively were （41.3±10.3）kPa,（35.4±5.8）kPa and（38.1±4.3）kPa，there was no statistical difference among the  mean value. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasonographic examination may provide parameters of the median nerve in carpal tunnel, and shear wave elastography may provide stiffness parameter of the median nerve. Combined application of both examination may provide anatomical gist for clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

The research of relevant image anatomy measurements of the proximal segment of femur 

TUN Bing-Hua, YIN Sheng-Jiang, DAI Min, XU Cong

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  28-32.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 433 )  

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Objective    To obtain the morphological parameters of the proximal segment of the femur in Chinese healthy senior population through three-dimensional reconstruction of CT images of the femur in order to provide the anatomical basis for the design of the proximal femoral internal fixation system. Method The CT scan data of the proximal segment of the femur of 60 Chinese healthy senior personswas obtained and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the femur was performed using the system’s default software. The bony landmarks were determined  on the three-dimensional images of the normal femur. Measurement included the anatomic indexes of the lesser trochanter, neck shaft, angle, femoral offset and femoral canal, etc. Results   There was no statistically significant difference of all measurement parameters between the left side and the right side (P>0.05), and length of the vertical axis of the lesser trochanter was (26.80±2.53) mm and its the transverse diameter was(16.09±1.72) mm; The height and the volume of the lesser trochanter was (8.41±1.50) mm and (727.15±165.18) mm3, respectively. The minimum length of the screw used to fix the lesser trochanter of the femur was (46.77±2.70) mm, and the up-dip angle was (16.83±2.06)°, the neck-shaft angle was（131.42±8.03）°, the range of femoral offset was（37.85±7.02）mm.  Conclusion   It is feasible to accurately identify the anatomical landmarks on the three-dimensional reconstruction of the femur. The measurement data was beneficial to treatment of the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures and design of the proximal femoral internal fixation system for fixation of the lesser trochanter

The variation of right renal artery: one case report

CHEN Cui-Fen, GUO Yan-Ban, XU Si-Yuan

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  32.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 418 )  

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Exploration towards clinical significance in measurement of ribs anatomical data in Chinese

HE Zhe, JIAO Gui-Bin, OU Yang-Jun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  33-36.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 525 )  

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Objective   To observe and measure morphological parameters of rib 3 to 7 among Chinese adults, and provide anatomical basis for modifying fixation skill and improving recovering from rib fracture. Methods    Chest CT data of 113 patients were randomly collected from Sep. 2013 to Feb. 2014 and used to reconstruct three-dimensionally the thorax, followed with the measurement of anatomical parameters of bilateral rib 3~7.    Results    The average width (mm) of lateral area of rib 3~7 were 12.79,13.69,14.47,14.79 and 15.13.The thickness (mm) of upper edge were 5.32, 5.28, 5.46, 5.34 and 5.45. The thickness (mm) of lower edge were 5.12, 5.37, 5.38, 5.35 and 5.37. The anterior twist angle （°） were 26.69, 26.22, 25.70, 25.16 and 24.45. The posterior twist angle（°） were 10.25, 9.87, 10.39, 9.46 and 9.30, respectively. Parameters demonstrated significance statistically between male and females groups（P＜0.05), but no significance among different age groups（P>0.05).    Conclusions    CT reconstruction is valuable for analyzing anatomic features of adult ribs, designing and manufacturing new surgical fixation devices. 

Assessment of pancreatic and biliary ducts using multiplanar reformatted images in 64-slice CT following perfusion with iohexol via ampulla of Vater 

FANG Lin, SHI Xiao-Beng, WANG Jiang, HONG Jian, GUO Mo-Liang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  37-40.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 443 )  

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 Objective    To delineate the structure of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in premature infants using a novel imaging method.   Methods   The duodenal papillae of 15 premature infant cadavers were dissected. The pancreatic and biliary ducts were visualized using a 64-detector multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). Contrast agent was injected into the duodenal papillae via the ampulla of Vater.   Results   The pancreatic, biliary ducts as well as the common channel could be visualized with CT scanning in nine cases. The common bile duct was visualized in five cases and the pancreatic duct in one case. Four patterns of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction were noticed: type-Y (11/15), type-U (2/15), type-V (1/15) and type-II (1/15).   Conclusion   MSCT and three-dimensional reconstruction could be used to visualize the junction pattern, common channel and surrounding tissue structure of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in premature infants.

MDCT observation and significance of normal adult pancreatic uncinate process

GAO Wei, GUO Zhi, LI Yun-Sheng, ZHANG Xue-Ning, YANG Xue-Ling, ZHANG Wei-Gao

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  41-43.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 496 )  

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Objective     To observe and measure the angle of the uncinate process in different ages and different genders on the enhanced MDCT images so that the normal range of the angle of the uncinate process could be determined, which could provide data for the diagnosis of occupying lesion of the pancreatic head.   Method    Retrospective analysis was carried out for 612 cases of patients without obvious abdominal diseases with the age older than 20 years. the patients were divided into 6 groups (21～30 years, 31～40 years, 41~50 years, 51~60 years, 61~70 years and above 71 years) and 2 groups by gender(male and female).  The max angle of the Uncinate process was measured after enhanced CT image reconstruction with a collimation of 3 mm, and analysis the data was performed by SPSS software.   Result    The angles of different groups were as follows:（34.7±5.4）°, （56.3±4.8）°, （64.1±5.1）°, （57.8±3.3）°, （47.4±4.1）°and （33.5±3.9）° respectively in the 6 groups, and（54±2.7）° in female、（61±3.5）° in male.   Conclusion    The angle of the uncinate process increased younger than 60 years old, and then decreased. We also learn that the angle of the uncinate process is larger in male than in female.

Augmentation of survival of extended flap by delayed surgery through enhancement of dilation of choke vessels

PENG Ti-Hong, LIANG Cheng, WEN Fu-Li, XIE Zhi-Beng, ZHENG He-Beng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  44-50.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 668 )  

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Objective    To investigate the delay phenomenon in a mouse’s ear-flap mode.  Methods  30 male mice were equally divided into the delay group, non-delay group, and below-the-division group. In the delay group, an incision was first made in the middle angiosome right above the division. One week later, the tail-oriented angiosome was severed. In the non-delay group, the ear flap was created by severance of the middle and tail-oriented angiosomes at the level right above the division of the middle angiosome. In the below-the-division group, the ear flap was created by severance of the middle and tail angiosomes at the level right below the division of the middle angiosome. After the creation of the ear flap，The necrotic rate of the ear flaps in the three groups at various time points was calculated; the number and diameter change of the choke vessels that underwent remarkable dilation were recorded and measured.  Results    After the creation, the final necrotic rate of flaps in the delay group, non-delay group, below-the-division group was (7.7±4.8)%, (31.0±12.4)% and (15.4±7.4)%, respectively. There was significant difference among the necrotic rate in the three groups (P=0.003). In the delay group, each ear flap has an average of 8.8±2.0 choke vessels that underwent remarkable morphological changes in each ear, whereas in the non-delay group there were an average of 6.5±1.2 choke vessels in each ear, being significantly less than that in delay group（t=3.083，P=0.006）. The magnitude of the diameter dilation of choke veins in the delay group was remarkably larger than that in the non-delay group. The average intravascular resistance in the delay group was remarkably smaller than that in the delay group.  Conclusion  The delay surgery augments the survival of large-sized flap through enhancement of dilation of choke vessels. The type and handling approach to the middle angiosome might have significant impact on the survival of the flap.

Double middle hepatic arteries and multiple branches’ variation of hepatic artery: one case report

XU Jing-Yun, MA Jian-Jun, XIE Sai-Tong, WANG Wen-Jiang, XU Sai-Yuan, SONG Chen-Guang, WANG Yao, LIAN Xiao-Lei

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  50.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 562 )  

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Preparation and hemocompatibility study of carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes

LIN Jian-Sheng, DIAO Ting-Ting, SONG Xiao-Ping, TU Lei, QIU Xiao-Zhong

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  51-54.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 613 )  

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Objective    In this study, carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) were prepared, and their hemocompatibility studied.   Methods    SWCNT was treated with H2SO4/HNO3 mixture. The introduction of carboxyl groups on SWCNT was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential analyzer. The effect of SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH on red blood cell morphology and blood coagulation was studied by scanning electron microscope (TEM) observation and thromboelastography (TEG) assay, respectively.  Results    SWCNT-COOH was successfully synthesized as confirmed by FITC and zeta potential measurement. SWCNT-COOH at 10 mg/ml caused aggregation and morphological alteration of red blood cells. SWCNT at 0.01 mg/ml and SWCNT-COOH at 0.001 mg/ml promoted the activity of clotting factors. Conclusion    SWCNT-COOH can be successfully prepared by oxidation with H2SO4/HNO3 mixture. The information on the effect of SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH on red blood cell aggregation and morphological change, and on blood coagulation is important for their design and biomedical applications.

Three-dimensional porous scaffolds PLLA/n-HA in vitro biocompatibility studies

HUANG Jiang-Hong, CHEN Ji-Lin, DUAN Chi, ZHANG Ju-Feng, XIONG Jian-Xi, SHU Wei-Min, WANG Da-Beng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  55-59.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 420 )  

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Objective    To study the three-dimensional porous scaffolds of polylactic acid/nano- hydroxyapatite (PLLA/n-HA) in vitro biocompatibility, and to explore its suitability ascell culture materials and bone tissue engineering scaffolds.   Methods    The rat osteoblasts were seeded on PLLA/n-HA composite scaffolds after in vitro co-culture, CCK-8 assay was used to determine the rat osteoblast proliferation activity, inverted fluorescence microscope; scanning electron microscope were used to observe the PLLA/n- HA composite scaffold surface and the cell adhesion conditon within the pores.   Results    CCK-8 assay showed that the experimental group was not significantly different in proliferation of composite scaffolds cells with the control group (P>0.05); electron microscopy showed a large number of cell growth and adhesion in the composite scaffold surface and pores; and with the increase of culture time, the number of cells on  material surface grew exponentially.   Conclusion    The three-dimensional porous scaffolds PLLA/n-HA have good biocompatibility and is expected to become a good performance of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

The influence of topography of electrospun fibrous scaffolds on NGF and Laminin expressions of RSC96 cells

CAO Xin, DIAO Li, ZHANG Xian-Zuo, QIN Jian-Jiang, LI Gong, TUN Gang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  60-63.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 495 )  

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Objective    To study the expression of NGF and Laminin in RSC96 cells under different topography of eletrospun fibrous scaffolds.   Methods   According to different culture conditions, cultured RSC96 were divided into three groups, group A(aligned), group B(random) and group C(film), and all the three groups were cultured for three days. The total RNA of cells was extracted by Trizol method. Reverse transcriptase Oligo (dT) was used to synthesize cDNA. Then RNA was expanded by designed primer and used for q-PCR to detect the expression of NGF and Laminin.   Results   NGF mRNA expression of RSC96 was lower in group A , compared to group B and C (P＜0.05). There was statistical differences between group B and group C (P＜0.05). The laminin mRNA was expressed in all groups, but an decrease from group A to group C could be detected (P＜0.05).   Conclusions    The different expression of NGF and Laminin of RSC96 cells was induced by different topography of electrospun fibers and RSC96 cells may be directed towards a more mature state by aligned electrospun fibers.

IGF-1 can protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis through BTEB and CYPs pathway

ZHANG Jian-Kai, DING Bi-La, HU Xiao-Ling, LI Chao, TUN Zhu-Guo

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  64-71.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 411 )  

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Objective   To investigate gene regulation mechanism of the anti-apoptotic effect of the insulin-like growth factor 1 on rat cardiomyocytes.  Methods   Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were cultured in vitro，the transcription and translation levels of  BTEB and its downstream genes Cytochrome P450 family members (CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1) were measured by RT-PCR and Western-Blot. NRCMs were treated with 100umol/L Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis. CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1 specific siRNA were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Myocardial cells apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC／PI dual staining，Caspase-3 activity assay，Hoechst33258 staining and Tunel method. The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay．The mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy.  Results   The mRNA and protein expression levels of BTEB gene in NRCMs were down-regulated significantly after IGF-1 had stimulated for 60 minutes with concomitant attenuation of CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1 expression levels 48 hours later (all P <0.01). Artificial inhibition of BTEB gene expression with BTEB specific siRNA could down-regulate CYP1A1, 3A11 mRNA and protein expression obviously (P<0.01), but CYP2E1, 11A1 mRNA and protein expression was not obvious. Compared with the control group, the apoptotic rates of NRCMs induced by H2O2 in IGF-1 group and CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1 specific siRNA groups were reduced(all P<0.05)，decreased caspase-3 activity(all P<0.05), reduced apoptotic cells numbers and apoptotic bodies were also observed in these groups. The anti-apoptotic effect of CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1 genes silencing on NRCMs was similar with that of IGF-1 treatment. And the fall rates of mitochondrial membrane potential in IGF-1 group and CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1 specific siRNA groups declined significantly (all P<0.05 vs control group), mitochondrial morphology obviously improved. Conclusion  IGF-I protects rat cardiomyocytes from apoptosis through down-regulation of  Cytochrome P450 family members (CYP1A1, 2E1, 3A11 and 11A1) expression pathways and improving mitochondrial function, of which CYP1A1 and 3A11 were regulated by BTEB.

Effect of RGDyK peptide on the proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells 

GU Yan, SONG Zheng-Ji, FAN Gong, LI Yu-Lian, BANG Wei

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  72-75.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 411 )  

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Objective    To explore the effects of RGDyK cyclic peptide on αvβ3 integrin expression and cell migration in activated hepatic stellate cells.   Methods   Isolation and culture of primary hepatic stellate cell from Sprague-Dawley rat were performed and activated hepatic stellate cells model in vitro were established. RGDyK cyclic peptide was used to treat the activated hepatic stellate cells and MTT was adopted to calculate the growth inhibition rate of cells. Expression of of αvβ3 integrin expression in activated hepatic stellate cells was determined by immunochemistry staining and immunofluorescence staining , RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis of and compared between the control and treatment groups. observation the effects of cell migration was observed by wound scratche assay.  Results   RGDyK cyclic peptide inhibited activated hepatic stellate cells proliferation compared with the control group and  a concentration-response relationship could be observed. RGDyK cyclic peptide inhibited the expression of αvβ3 integrin and a-SMA in the level of mRNA and protein in activated hepatic stellate cells respectively (P<0.05), and weakened the mobility of activated hepatic stellate cells (P<0.01).  Conclusion   RGDyK cyclic peptide can inhibitactivated hepatic stellate cell proliferation and migration by down-regulation of expression of αvβ3 integrin.

Proteomic study on influence of short-term binocular visual deprivation on the rat retina

HE Wen-Ji, LIU Jia-Li, ZHENG Fa-Wu, QI Bao-Gui, BO San-Jiang

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  76-80.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165X.2015

Abstract ( 364 )  

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Objective   To explore the influence of visual deprivation on retinal protein expression. Methods   The visual deprivation model is established by bilateral eyelid closure. Bilateral eyelid closure was performed at the postnatal 14 days, 2 weeks after which the rats were used for further experiment  Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins in the retina, the differential proteins were chosen using PDQuest software and identified by tandem MS. the change of protein expression was further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe the retinal structure.   Results   Expressions of four proteins in the rat retina were decreased after visual deprivation. These proteins were identified as heat shock 70、alpha-enolase、serotranfferin and recoverin. However, we did not observe the change of the amoun of the retinal cells under the light microscope.  Conclusions   Short-term visual deprivation induces the change of retinal proteins, and may contribute to the occurrence of amblyopia.

Establishment of heterotopic intestinal xenotransplantation model from pig to cynomolgus

TAO Dan-Hua, LI Yao-Sheng, WANG Jian, MAO Qi, GUO Meng-Xiao, ZHANG Shao-Yi, KONG Wen-Cheng, LIN Le-Le, LI Ge-Shou

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  81-84.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 217 )  

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Objective   To investigate the procedures for establishing a stable model of intestinal xenotransplantation from pig to cynomolgus, with the purpose of providing a good experimental tool for the xenograft rejection study in intestinal xenotransplantation.   Methods    White wild-type pigs were used as donor and cynomolguses used as recipients. The procedure of segmental heterotopic intestinal xenotransplantation in recipients was performed as following: the donor`s anterior mesenteric artery was anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient`s infrarenal abdominal aorta, and the donor`s tributary of anterior mesenteric venous was anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient`s infrarenal inferior vena cave. Subsequently, both the proximal and distant ends of the graft intestine were stayed ligated.    Results    Segmental intestinal xenotransplantation was performed in 5 cynomolguses, with an average graft intestine length of (52.0±5.7) cm. The success rate of vascular anastomosis was 100%, and the intestinal xenograft survival was 152±72(55~245) minutes.   Conclusions   A stable, repeatable model of segmental intestinal xenotransplantation from pig to cynomolgus was established, which would provide an ideal tool for further research on intestinal xenotransplantation from transgenic pig to cynomolgus.

Anatomical study on the survival of the distal part of the finger stub without vein by the unilateral finger artery ligation

ZHANG Da-Wei, HUANG Dong, QIU Bin, CHU Li-Lin, TU Chao-Qun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  85-88.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 458 )  

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 Objective   To explore the mechanism of and the anatomical basis for the  unilateral finger artery ligation in treating the distal part of fingers stub without veins.  Methods   Firstly, a total of 50 fingers from 10 fresh hand specimens were selected and were perfused carefully, the specimens were then dissected carefully to observe and to record the number and diameter of arterial branches. Secondly, a model of distal part of finger stubs with unilateral finger artery ligation was established to discuss the mechanism of this treatment.  Results    In the anatomic study, the average number of distal branches was 12.9±2.6, the number of branches from digital artery arch was 4.9±1.1, the mean diameter of branches was (0.31±0.09) mm, indicating that hiatal part of finger did have a rich bloody supply, and a large amount of branches could be found at the end of the arteries of at both sides of the fingers. In the model study, the greater capacity and further distance of the small hole from the needle, the less outflow of the ink from the penicilin bottle. Conclusion   The mechanism of this treatment could be that ligation of one artery of the finger can reduce the organization pressure, and the circulation could be achieved by blood flow back to the branches via arteries during diastole. Combined with the existing literature reports ,it can be speculated that this method is effective for treatment of the distal phalanx in the Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ regions.

Effect of dimebon on NMDA-activated current in mice medium spiny neuron 

HU Xiao-Li, LI Qin, SONG Lou, Ilya Bezprozvanny

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  89-92.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 403 )  

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Objective  Dimebon is an antihistamine compound which has been proposed to treat neurodegenerative disorders, but the mechanism remain elusive. To explore Dimebon effection on Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Method   Membrane currents were measured by using whole cell patch clamp techniques.  the influence ofdifferent concentration of Dimebon on NMDA -activated currents in primary Medium Spiny Striatal Neuronal cultures (MSN) from wild type (WT) mice were studied.  Results  1~50 μmol/L Dimebon inhibited NMDA activated currents, but 0.1~0.5μmol/L increased NMDA activated currents.   Conclusion    Dimebon has dual function on NMDA receptors.

The establishment of the finite element model of condylar fracture of the temporomandibular joint disc reduction and the preliminary analysis

BO Lu-Lu, TUN Shen-Lei, LIU Meng-Chao, SHU Xing-Hao, TUN Li-Jun, FANG Yi-Ming

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  93-96.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 509 )  

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Objective   To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of normal temporomandibular joint system and surgical treatment on mandihular condylar fractures three-dimensional digital model in order to supply a digital plat form for biomechanical research of TMJ.  Methods   CT and MRI scanning data of normal TMJ were used to establish intact three-dimensional finite model of TMJ and surgical treatment on mandihular condylar fractures ,using Mimics, Geomagic and ANSYS software. Biomechanics of the TMJ model was analyzed to verify the validity of the model.   Results   An intact three-dimensional finite element model of TMJ and surgical treatment on mandihular condylar fractures was established successfully, and the model provides a precise anatomic morphology of the temporomandibular joint.   Conclusion    It is precise and feasible to construct a 3-D FEM of the TMJ system based on CT images,MRI images and anatomy by means of Mimics and Geomagic Stadio and Ansys.This model can restore the biomechanics environment of the TMJ, and provide new ideas of modeling for research on biomechanics of the TMJ.

Dynamic cervical implant in the treatment of cervical spondylosis

LIN Yong-Rui, WANG Chun, LIU Cheng-Qiao, HE Hai-Long, SHI Guo-Dong, XIE Xiao-Jian

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  97-100.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 357 )  

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Objective   To evaluate the safety and short-term clinical curative effect of dynamic cervical implant(DCI) in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.   Methods    From September 2011 to May 2012, 11 patients were treated by anterior cervical decompression and DCI implantation. The amount of bleeding and surgical duration were counted, and surgical complication was recorded. The pain visual analogue score (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) scale were adopted to evaluate pre- and post-operative symptoms, and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) score was adopted to evaluate pre- and post-operative nerve function.   Results    All 11 cases were followed up. The amount of bleeding and the surgical duration were (58.4±22.1) ml and (63.9±20.1) min respectively. Incision infection, implant loosening, dislocation or breakage, operation segment heterotopic ossification, cervical kyphosis and other complications were not found. The 3 months postoperative pain VAS and NDI score were significantly reduced when compared with the preoperative one (P<0.05). The last follow-up JOA score had significantly increased compared with the preoperative one and  the one 3 months after the surgery (P<0.05).  Conclusion  Anterior cervical decompression and DCI implantation in the treatment of cervical spondylosis is safe and effective in Pain relif. recovery of neurological function, and the short-term clinical curative effect is satisfactory.

Preliminary report of wrapped impacted bone graft using titanium mesh for repair of large segmental bone defect

YAN Ju-Dong, GU San-Jun, SUN Zhen-Zhong, MA Yun-Hong

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  101-104.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 274 )  

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Objective　To investigate the preliminary outcomes of wrapped impacted bone graft using titanium mesh for repair of large segmental bone defect.  Methods  From January 2009 to December 2012,6 cases of large segmental bone defect of lone bone after fractures were treated with wrapped impacted bone graft using titanium mesh to repair the defect. The location of fracture and defect:1 respective casein femur and humerus，2 respective cases in tibia and radius.The length of bone defect was from 5.2 cm to 9.0 cm with an average of 6.5cm.Fixation methods: intramedullary nail was used in 2 cases and plate in 4 cases.collateral injuries such as  tendon or nerve injury could be foundin 2 cases. Cancellous bone  with a volume two times than the defect bone was harvested from theposterior or/and anterior segments of the bilateral ilium etc. Titanium mesh was used and placed to wrap the defect, then the bone granules was impacted closely into the titanium mesh.The recovered length of bone defect was from 5.2 cm to 9.0 cm with an average of 6.3 cm.  Results   Incisions underwent primary healing. Following-up ranging from 12 to 46 months, with an average of 18 months,revealed that all fractures with bone defects healed; the clinical healing time ranged  from 4.0 months to 6.5 months with  an average of 5.1 months. no breakingor loosening of the fixator was noted.at the last follow-up,the function of the adjacent joints was excellent in 1 case, good in 4 cases and fair in 1 case.  Conclusion   Wrapped impacted bone graft using titanium mesh for repair of large segmental bone defect has advantages of bing  simple, safe, fast in healing and excellent in efficacy.

Analysis on the rotatable stability of slipping prophase lumbar spondylolysis when motion of flexion and extension

JIANG Huan-Chang, WANG Ji-Xin, CHANG Beng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  105-107.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 612 )  

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Objective    To analyse the lumbar static and dynamic sagittal rotatable stability of patients with bilateral slipping prophase lumbar spondylolysis.   Methods    The lumbar X-ray of 55 patients with bilateral slipping prophase lumbar spondylolysis was analyzed. On the lateral X-ray radiography of  the lumbar spine under the conditions of  static and hyperflexion-hyperextension, the intervertebral disc angles of L4/5 or L5/S1 with spondylolysis were measured. The differences between the hyperflexion and hyperextension intervertebral disc angles were calculated. A randomized controlled study was performed between persons underwent physical check-ups and patients. the statistical analysis was performed.   Results    Intervertebral disc angles were not statistically different between patients with bilateral slipping prophase lumbar spondylolysis and persons underwent physical check-upson static and hyperextension lumbar lateral X-ray（P>0.05）. On lateral X-rayradiography under the condition of hyperflexion, the intervertebral disc angle was statistically different between them（P＜0.05）. The difference of intervertebral disc angle on lateral X-ray radiography under the conditions of hyperextension and hyperflexion was statistically significant（P＜0.05）. Conclusion   Dynamic sagittal rotatable instability exists on bilateral slipping prophase lumbar spondylolysis undergoing motion of flexion and extension. Surgical intervention needs to be provided as soon as possible

Clinical application of modified fingerweb perforator artery chain-like  dorsal metacarpal flap

TANG Xiu-Dun, WEI Zai-Rong, SUN An-Feng, QI Jian-Beng, WANG Bei, WANG Da-Li

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  108-110.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 621 )  

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Objective  To investigate feasibility of the clinical application of modified fingerweb perforator artery chain-like dorsal metacarpal flap for finger wound repairing.  Methods   Our department treated 25 cases of finger wounds in patients from Sep. 2009 to Sep. 2012 .The modified fingerweb perforator artery chain-like dorsal metacarpal flap was used to repair finger wounds and the patients were followed up.Results   The flaps survived successfully, tension blisters appeared on distal ends of flaps 3 cases, which subsided after dressing changes; 18 cases were followed up for 6 to 18 months with an average of 12 months. The flaps grew in good shape, no dysfunction was found in finger flexion, two-point discriminations were 8 - 10mm. The initiative activities of the fingers were evaluated according to Upper Extremity Evaluation Trial Criteria of Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 15 cases got A, 2 cases got B, 1 case got C, the good rate was 94%.  Conclusion   The clinical application of modified fingerweb perforator artery chain-like blood-supply dorsal metacarpal flap is suitable for repair of larger wounds in proximal middle and distal segments of fingers and has advantages of being easy in operation and reliable in blood supply. It can be used to prepare composite tissue flaps for primary repair of tendon and bone tissue defects..

Studies on the replantation of severed distal segment of fingers without venous anastomosis

SONG Mei, HUANG Dong, QIU Bin, WANG Yue-Ying, TUN Wei-Chi

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  111-112.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.201

Abstract ( 571 )  

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Progress of laparoscopic surgery technique in treating advance gastric cancer

CHEN Ling-Long, LIN Jia-Fu, LIN Xian-Beng

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  113-114.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 262 )  

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A method of rat femoral head spongy bone resin embedded and stereo microscopic observation

LI Liang, LI Hai-Yan, HE Dong-Sheng, YAN Xu-Sheng, CUI Cheng-Li

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  115-116.  doi:10.13418/j.1001-165x.2015.01.0

Abstract ( 535 )  

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Absence of posterior cord of brachial plexus and an anomalous muscle: one case report

DAO Wei, LIU Pan, TU Zhi-Long, JIN Ye, HUANG Hai-Song, JIU Yao-Han, TUN Jun-Jun

Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy. 2015, 33(1):  117.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2015

Abstract ( 272 )  

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